Are there two types of genetic information?
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Shutterstock
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The letters of the genetic code are A, T, C, G. This is how it is taught in school, and all living forms on our planet have it arranged like this. However, as early as 1977, a virus (bacteriophage) was discovered, which slightly eroded this certainty. Instead of the letter A, it has Z. In addition, it is more stable than the letter T. A new study has found other viruses and bacteria that have the letter Z. Scientists are questioning whether it is the result of evolution or whether the letter Z was common on the planet Earth at the beginning of the evolution of life. The groundbreaking discovery with great consequences is commented by Dr. Jan Pačes from the Institute of Molecular Genetics AS and biologist prof. Jaroslav Petr.
The first proof of general relativity
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Arhur Eddington
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Albert Einstein completed his work on the basis of the general theory of relativity in the autumn of 1915. He immediately proposed three possibilities to verify it: to measure the deceleration of time (ie the course of physical processes) in a place with higher gravity, to find the wavelength extension field and finally to demonstrate the diffraction of light in the gravitational field, because every material body should deflect a ray of light from a straight line, the Sun, for example, by a calculated 1.75 arcsecond. And paradoxically, the last, perhaps the most daring consequence, was the first to prove it. Expedition for a solar eclipse 102 years ago. We remembered this in the section What Happened This Day, which is being prepared by Ing. František Houdek.
Does life in the mountains affect a person’s personality?
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Fotobanka Pixabay
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Or is it the other way around? Did people who were not afraid of harsh conditions go to the mountains centuries ago? Personalities with a lower degree of prosocial behavior, protecting their resources, distrustful of strangers, willing and able to take risks, individuals relying on themselves. That’s what the theory says. If so, he did great research with the help of psychologists in the mountains of the United States. How did it turn out? And do similar conclusions apply to the inhabitants of our mountains? MUDr. František Koukolík.
Where are the boundaries of the solar system?
Video of Real World: Limits of the Solar System
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The center of the solar system is the Sun, which with its gravitational field affects all bodies up to vast distances. The solar system certainly does not end with the planet Neptune. Asteroids in the so-called Kuiper belt also orbit behind it. There are dozens of bodies the size of Pluto in it. There is a large space behind this belt and behind it there are comets in the so-called Oort cloud. Thanks to new observations of comets, which have orbits of millions of years, it has now been possible to refine the size of this comet reservoir.
Why are insects so small?
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Everyone knows that insects are characterized by being small and light. Thanks to this, he achieves enviable athletic performances. The jumping Olympic performances of despised fleas, dreaded locusts or inconspicuous squatters would embarrassingly ridicule a person’s best Olympic records. If we recalculated the distance reached by insects to the dimensions or weight of human fighters, one would have to jump up to 500 m in the distance and 300 m in height. But the insect is not an entry in the Guinness Book of Records. What are the real benefits for small size? We read it in the book of entomologist prof. Jana Žďárek Endangered by insects, published by Academia.
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