Although some have already hit the market, there are still dozens of coronavirus vaccines in development around the world.
Some use proven technologies, others employ novel approaches. All vaccines have been tested differently, and some have been allowed to go live even before they have been rigorously tested. Its effectiveness varies, and the results of preliminary studies range from 50% to more than 90%.
So far, regulators in different countries have allowed the use of a half dozen of them, most under emergency use provisions. Some more are about to do so. All that are now available require two doses, administered weeks apart.
Here are some of the more advanced vaccines:
-Pfizer: Developed with BioNTech; Licensed by the United States, United Kingdom, the European Union, the World Health Organization and other countries.
-Modern: Developed with the United States National Institutes of Health; licensed by the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the World Health Organization, and other countries.
-AstraZeneca: Developed with the University of Oxford; licensed by more than 40 countries, including Great Britain, India, Argentina, Mexico and the European Union.
-Sputnik V: Developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Russia; authorized in Russia, Argentina and Bolivia, among a dozen countries.
-Sinopharm: Authorized in China and in some other countries, such as Hungary, Serbia and Morocco.
-Sinovac: Authorized in China, as well as in Turkey, Brazil and Indonesia.
-Bharat Biotech: Authorized in India.
-Johnson & Johnson: In development; a dose; it is expected to apply for authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration soon.
-Novavax: In development.
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