Every revolution needs a hero and a muse.
Adela Velarde Pérez was both things.
But, as happens with all identity myths, in the story of this woman who possibly inspired the most famous corrido of the mexican revolution and gave name to the “adelitas”, memory and legend are intertwined.
The image of Adela Velarde, very young, with big eyes, looking intensely at the camera under her enormous hat, clutching a Mexican flag in one hand and a sword in the other, her tiny body crossed by a belt of bullets, embodies the essence of a national spiritof a brave and revolutionary Mexican identity.
She represents the thousands of anonymous women who joined the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), known as “adelitas,” and who managed to overthrow the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz.
The “La Adelita” corrido, perhaps the most famous of the entire era of the revolution, was sung obsessively at the fronts and is still heard today, popularized by singers such as Jorge Negrete or Amparo Ochoa. However, the story of the original “Adelita” remains in part a mystery.
What do we know about the real “Adelita”
It is known that he was born in the state of Chihuahua, probably in Ciudad Juárez, in the year 1900, into a wealthy family.
Wikimedia CommonsAdela Velarde Pérez.
According to the biography that the Mexican government has about her, she was the granddaughter of the prominent Juarista general Rafael Velarde, who fought against the French troops.
While still a teenager he joined the ranks of the revolution, supporting the Mexican Association of the White Cross in nursing work.
He was part of the Northern Division of the Constitutionalist Army, and later joined the Northeast Army Corps.
On February 22, 1941, Velarde was recognized as “Veteran of the Revolution” by the Mexican Secretariat of National Defense and, according to the Women’s Museum, she was named a member of the Mexican Legion of Honor in 1962.
At the end of the revolution she worked in Mexico City as a typist in the Post Office administration. In 1965 he met again with a colonel whom she had met in her years of struggle, Alfredo Villegas, whom she married in 1965.
Shortly after, the couple moved to the United States, where she lived until her death in 1971, due to ovarian cancer. His remains lie in the San Felipe Cemetery, in Del Río, Texas.
Getty ImagesWomen’s work was essential in the Mexican Revolution.
This is, practically, almost the only verified information we have about her.
From there, almost everything is stories, more or less fabled, inspired by the romanticism of his character.
The myth portrays her as a brave and beautiful girl, whose revolutionary ideals made her an example for other women who joined the uprising, who are known today as “adelitas” and who played a fundamental role in the guerrillas.
The “adelites”
Few have described the role of the “adelitas” in a more beautiful way than the writer Elena Poniatowska in his book “The Untamed”.
“I’ll give you water. I bring the pots and pans to make your food. I’ll de-louse you. I’ll mess up your backpack. I’ll wash your clothes. I gather firewood to make a fire. I’ll oil your rifle. I’ll light your cigarette, and if there’s no tobacco, I’ll make you one of macuche, here I have corn husks. I load your Mauser and your cartridges. I make sure the gunpowder doesn’t get wet. I make you home on the battlefield. I am your mattress of guts. “I have your son in the trench.”
Getty ImagesThe role of women in the Mexican Revolution crossed borders.
Without them, affirms the Mexican author, there would have been no revolution. Many were taken by their men, husbands, fathers or sons, into combat as support. Others were forced to participate by force and, although the majority provided basic and nursing support, some reached important positions.
After having given blood, sweat and tears in battle, with the end of the war most of these women returned to the old roles that society provided them, and their stories were forgotten.
Only a handful of names of “adelitas” have survived the anonymity of History, among them that of Adela Velarde, largely thanks to the corrido that bears her name.
Getty ImagesAfter the revolution, many women returned to their traditional roles.
The most sweetened version of the history of this famous song, which became a symbol of the revolution and responsible for the fact that half the Spanish-speaking world cannot hear the word “Adelita” without humming “she left with another…”, is narrated by the Mexican historian José Alberto Galindo.
the legend
Galindo is the author of the book “A sky full of shrapnel: The true story of Adelita”, in which he tells the following story:
Velarde entered the revolutionary army as nursefor which she was disowned by her family, who considered, like others of her time, that women could only leave their family home to get married.
Shortly after joining the revolution, the young woman met Antonio Gil Del Río Armenta, sergeant in Pancho Villa’s army, and both maintained a relationship. torrid romance.
According to some uncorroborated accounts, the two had a son, who would later die in World War II.
The love story also had a tragic ending.
Getty ImagesThere were many women who accompanied and fought with the revolutionary troops.
The sergeant was hit by a bullet in the city of Gómez Palacio, and died in the arms of his beloved. However, before he died, he asked his lover to look inside his backpack, where Velarde found a paper with the lyrics of the song that would become a revolutionary national anthem. She had been his muse and would be his last love.
Too perfect? Well there is more.
According to Galindo, the lyrics of the song were not complete, so Gil Del Río Armenta He sang to him right there, and with his last breath, the last versewhich Adelita wrote down on the paper in her own handwriting.
Some versions say that this last stanza dictated on the verge of death was the one that says: “If I die in the campaign / and they are going to bury my body, / Adelita, for God’s sake, I beg you / that you will cry for me with your eyes.”
However, in an interview with the newspaper “Excélsior” in 1948, Velarde herself confirmed that it was she who inspired the composer, although the original corrido It only had three stanzas:
“Popular among the troops was Adelita, / the woman that the sergeant idolized, / because in addition to being brave, she was pretty / that even the colonel himself respected her.
And if Adelita left with another person/ I would follow her by land and by sea; /if by sea, on a warship /if by land, on a military train.
If Adelita wanted to be my wife, /if Adelita were my wife, /I would buy her silk dress /to take her dancing at the barracks.”
Getty ImagesThe “adelitas” continue to parade on each anniversary of the Mexican revolution.
The historian Galindo also affirms that the “coronel” mentioned in the song is, to further complicate matters, the man Adela Velarde finally married in 1965, Alfredo Villegas.
However, there are different versions about the origin of the song that, according to the Mexican Secretariat of National Defense (SDN), was spread by the Northern Division between 1914 and 1915.
According to the book “The Armed Forces in the Mexican Revolution”, published by the SDN in 2013, some attribute its authorship to the young captain Elías Cortázar Ramírez, others to a certain Ángel Viderique.
Another interpretation states that it is an anonymous song that General Domingo Arrieta and his troops heard in the state of Sinaloa, and another that General Arrieta himself entrusted it to a teacher of his military band, Julián S. Reyes, to to write it and instrument it.
But in the creation of myths the story is important, and a good tragic love story will always be more powerful than a dull assignment.
BBC
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