Disease Outbreak News: Marburg virus disease – Rwanda, 13 November 2024 – Rwanda

Rwanda Initiates 42-Day Countdown to End Marburg Virus Outbreak

On November 9, 2024, Rwanda commenced a critical 42-day countdown to officially declare the end of the Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak, following the last confirmed patient testing negative for the virus. The outbreak, which began earlier this year, has led to 66 confirmed cases and resulted in 15 fatalities, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 23%. As of now, 51 individuals have recovered, and the country has not reported any new cases since October 30, 2024.

Overview of the Situation

This recent development signals a potential turning point in Rwanda’s battle against MVD. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reiterated the importance of maintaining stringent surveillance and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures throughout this crucial countdown. Public health experts emphasize that the outbreak will only be considered over if no new infections arise during this period, which is double the maximum incubation length for the Marburg virus.

From the onset of this outbreak, a significant number of cases have affected health workers, particularly at two hospitals in Kigali, accounting for approximately 80% of all confirmed cases. The highest incidence of infections was recorded during the first three weeks of the outbreak, with cases gradually declining thereafter.

Epidemiology of MVD

Marburg virus, which is closely related to the Ebola virus, is known for its high virulence and severe health implications. Humans typically contract the virus following exposure to environments such as caves inhabited by Rousettus fruit bats, the natural reservoir of the virus. Transition occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids that include blood and secretions from infected individuals.

The clinical manifestation begins abruptly with symptoms such as high fever and severe headache, escalating to severe gastrointestinal distress and possible hemorrhagic signs. There is currently no approved cure or vaccine for MVD, although research into potential treatments and vaccines is ongoing.

Public Health Response

The government of Rwanda, supported by WHO and various partners, has mobilized resources to manage and mitigate the outbreak. Key efforts include:

• Deployment of Surge Teams: A specialized team from WHO is on the ground, assisting with epidemiology, case management, and infection control measures.
• Expanding Diagnostic Testing: To date, over 7,400 tests have been conducted in Rwanda, with health facilities testing samples daily.
• Training Healthcare Workers: Enhancements to IPC protocols involve training for health workers handling suspected and confirmed cases.
• Community Engagement: WHO encourages public knowledge regarding the transmission risks associated with MVD and promotes safe practices to reduce human-to-human transmission.

WHO Risk Assessment and Guidance

WHO’s risk assessment indicates that while the MVD outbreak poses a high public health threat due to its high CFR, key interventions can significantly mitigate risk. WHO’s guidance includes:

• Implementing thorough surveillance measures to identify and investigate new cases.
• Maintaining stringent IPC standards in healthcare settings.
• Engaging in public education campaigns focused on symptoms and preventive measures.
• Promoting safe burial practices to minimize transmission risks associated with deceased individuals.

Despite the progress towards controlling the outbreak, heightened vigilance is crucial, especially in the upcoming months as the country transitions out of this emergency phase. WHO continues to update its recommendations to support healthcare providers in managing cases and ensuring community readiness for potential resurgence.

Moving Forward

As Rwanda undertakes the pivotal 42-day countdown, health officials remain cautiously optimistic while emphasizing the need for continued vigilance. The success of public health interventions will depend on sustained community engagement and strict adherence to health protocols.

What impact do you think this countdown will have on global health awareness regarding viral outbreaks? Share your thoughts in the comments below and stay informed by following our updates on public health developments.

For additional information on the Marburg virus, you may visit WHO’s dedicated page on Marburg virus and Rwanda Biomedical Centre.

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