The phrase “Borderlands” has not less than two meanings. It means “Borderlands” within the geographical sense, i.e. the outskirts of a territory. And “Borderlands” or “margin”, i.e. one thing insignificant within the political, financial and cultural sense. Our Polish Japanese Borderlands are huge territories within the east of the First Polish Republic, which we misplaced on account of partitions. Within the Second Polish Republic (1918-1939), they have been typically the areas east of the Bug River, which now belong to Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. At the moment, they constituted about 50% of the nation’s space. And these borderlands have been usually very poor and multi-ethnic, which contributed to nationwide conflicts between Lithuanians, Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. And someplace within the background existed Czechs, Germans and Romanians. Life was Warsaw with its dynamism, wealth, and likewise a sure stylish and class. Regardless of this, the Borderlands performed an necessary position within the Second Polish Republic. A lot has been stated and written concerning the Borderlands.
The borderland points have been additionally taken up by college students of our college within the interwar interval. One in all them was from Warsaw Wiktor Zyskowski (1904–1981).
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In 1934, he defended his thesis entitled “Utilization of arable land in Volhynia.” He included many detailed statistical and factual knowledge in it, but in addition famous sure socio-economic phenomena. And so, regardless of the fragmentation of farms, which was solved by the gradual consolidation of land, the low degree of agricultural data and social consciousness of peasants farming in Volhynia performed an ideal position. Connected to conventional crops reminiscent of rye, they didn’t set up rather more worthwhile hop plantations. Solely 8% of farmers belonged to Stefczyk’s funds, which supplied small however low-cost credit and loans, and even then it was the preferred type of self-organization. Solely 0.7% of farms provided milk to dairy cooperatives, and three% created agricultural circles. And methods to act right here, improve the productiveness of land and the wealth of residents? Zyskowski noticed a chance within the building of a community of paved roads and railway connections that may facilitate the creation of native markets and a nationwide market. Additionally within the dissemination of contemporary types of administration due to Polish army settlers who obtained land from the state for his or her companies within the struggle to regain and keep independence within the years 1918–1921.
The borderland subject was additionally taken up by a scholar Janina Bitner (1913–1969).
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She was born in Bolechów within the Stanisławów Voivodeship. Feeling emotionally hooked up to the Borderlands, she wrote a paper entitled “Oil Trade within the Stanisławów Voivodeship,” which earned her a diploma from the Warsaw College of Economics in 1939. Like Zyskowski’s paper, the paper was based mostly on a substantial amount of statistical knowledge and detailed data. The writer famous that regardless of a few years of stagnation, drilling exercise within the Stanisławów Voivodeship had revived within the late Nineteen Thirties, though there was no scarcity of disturbing phenomena. And so there have been a variety of refineries that have been technically backward, and 80% of the oil was despatched for additional processing to different areas.
In some unspecified time in the future, the authors of those works: Wiktor Zyskowski and Janina Bitner obtained to know one another higher. They settled in Warsaw. They grew to become professionally concerned in secondary financial schooling. They have been lecturers. Wiktor revealed textbooks. The Zyskowskis had a number of youngsters. One in all their daughters married Andrzej Łupina, and considered one of their youngsters was Honorary Ambassador of the Warsaw College of Economics, Anna Łupina-Wegener.
The daddy of the ambassador, that’s Andrzej Lupinawas one of many forerunners who took up the topic of ecology at a time when few scientists and journalists did so. At this time, everybody writes and talks about ecology. Sustainable financial system, inexperienced financial system, renewable power sources, clear power, zero-emission – we hear about it virtually on daily basis. Within the late Nineteen Eighties, nevertheless, this was uncommon in Poland, and it was then that Andrzej Łupina defended his doctoral dissertation. Earlier than this occurred, in 1963 he grew to become a scholar at SGPiS. He studied with breaks till 1970, however he didn’t graduate from our college. He accomplished his financial research in 1975 at Maria Skłodowska-Curie College in Lublin, which he supplemented with postgraduate research on the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna.
In 1988, he defended his doctoral dissertation “Socio-economic points of the ecological motion” on the School of Economics of Maria Curie-Skłodowska College, which was revealed 4 years later beneath the title “Ecology, or pessimism of the top of the twentieth century?”. Already within the introduction, the writer famous that the normal nature conservation motion had reworked on account of financial, social and political modifications into an ecological motion. For researchers of the phenomenon, this implies the necessity for an interdisciplinary method based mostly on analysis instruments from the broadly understood scope of financial sciences. Writing about social ecology, the writer raised a variety of issues ensuing from the then section of growth of capitalism, by which a transparent contradiction emerged between the common aspirations for social justice and enchancment of fabric dwelling situations and the present political and financial constructions, i.e. the actual facilities of energy. This battle led to the emergence of varied social actions, steadily turning into stronger and extra widespread, striving to guard pure assets and social well being, in addition to a rise in curiosity in ecology by worldwide organizations. And at this level the issue of dependable scientific analysis appeared, which Łupina wrote about within the chapter beneath the telling title “Science on the Warpath”. On this case, Łupina demonstrated a mannequin method, that’s, an try and seize everything of analysis within the type of clear and complete financial and social fashions.
The writer of the dissertation, an energetic member of the Democratic Celebration, energetic in numerous establishments, after the breakthrough of 1989 he grew to become a diplomat. With quick breaks, he served as ambassador to Zaire, Algeria and Senegal within the years 1900–2008. By giving his daughter the honorary title of Ambassador of the Warsaw College of Economics, the “ambassadorial custom” is in a approach continued.
Dr. Paweł Tanewski, Senior Licensed Curator, SGH Library
