TEMPO.CO, Jakarta – System noken is the system used in special elections for the province of Papua. Noken is an important part of inner Papua Electionespecially people who come from mountainous areas.
The noken system is carried out directly with traditional leaders. Because, society Papua being part of a traditional society that places trust in tribal leaders.
The noken system has two ways of implementation. Firstnoken big man. Based on bawaslu.go.id, this noken system is carried out by means of all votes being submitted or represented to the traditional leader. This system occurs in Central Mountain communities or in anthropology is called a type bigman.
In the local language of Menagawan, this term is known as an authoritative person who achieves the status of a leader not because of inheritance, but on the basis of behavior, actions and efforts.
Second, hanging nightstand. This system requires local people to see the agreement and the terms of the vote.
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Even though it is divided into two ways, the noken system has the same meaning. The noken election system is a symbol of the highest deliberation for determining opinions in Papua without secrets and prioritizes deliberation within the tribe.
The noken system in Papua was first implemented in 2004 in 16 districts. Meanwhile, there are several reasons why elections using the noken system are held as follows:
1. Geographic
The distance to distribute election logistics and the level of difficulty of the terrain in remote areas of Papua are considered very complicated to access quickly. The topography of the region, with the majority being steep mountains and sharp ravines plus limited access to transportation, will have an impact on election inconsistencies, especially for the organizers.
2. Human resources
The reason the noken system is implemented in Papua is because people in mountainous areas have not received education. Apart from that, the people in the village still live communally and traditionally, so they do not have a valid understanding of the election’s goals and benefits. The community needs to be guided and directed through a joint deliberation process in making decisions.
3. Sociocultural
Socio-culturally, people in the interior of Papua adhere to a traditional political system or bigman. Every decision in the community is implemented in a collegial collective manner. For example, when there is something that needs to be implemented, the community will deliberate, then every idea is accumulated into an absolute decision and declared official by the tribal chief.
These three factors made the Constitutional Court (MK) issue decision number 47-81/PHPU-A-VII/ 2009 concerning the Noken System Election in Papua. This is because the Constitutional Court understands and respects the cultural values among the Papuan people which are typical in elections using a system of citizen agreement or acclamation.
In 2024, the Papua Police Chief asked to reduce the noken system in elections. The Regional Police Chief has mapped 12 districts in Papua Province into the conflict-prone category during the 2024 elections. Inspector General Mathius D. Fakhiri sees this system as triggering conflict that has the potential to cause loss of life. Meanwhile, the districts included in the conflict-prone list include Intan Jaya, Dogiyai, Deiyai, Puncak, Nduga, Lanny Jaya, Puncak Jaya, Yahukimo, Bintang Mountains, Jayawijaya, Tolikara and Yalimo.
RACHEL FARAHDIBA R | EKA YUDHA SAPUTRA
Editor’s Choice: Problems with the Noken System and Traces of Election Conflict in Papua
2024-02-14 10:17:00
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