Syphilis Infections Reach Highest Rate Since the 1950s, CDC Report Finds
Cases of syphilis have reached the highest rate of new infections since the 1950s, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The report reveals that from 2018 to 2022, cases of syphilis increased by nearly 80%, totaling more than 207,000. Dr. Laura Bachmann, acting director of the CDC’s division of sexually transmitted disease prevention, expressed concern over the severity of the effects of syphilis, stating that it has emerged as a unique public health challenge.
Disproportionate Impact on Black and Latino Communities
The CDC report highlights that rates of primary and secondary syphilis, the most infectious stages of the disease, have risen in all age groups and regions across the country. However, it also notes that Black and Latino communities have been disproportionately affected due to longstanding social inequities that often lead to health inequalities. This disparity is a troubling finding that needs to be addressed urgently.
Congenital Syphilis on the Rise
Another alarming finding from the report is the significant increase in congenital syphilis cases. More than 3,700 cases of congenital syphilis were reported, marking a 937% increase over a decade. Congenital syphilis is transmitted to a baby during pregnancy and can be fatal if left untreated. Dr. Kenosha Gleaton, a board-certified OB-GYN and medical adviser at Natalist, emphasizes the importance of immediate treatment for syphilis, especially for pregnant individuals, as it can lead to various complications during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum.
Impact on Pregnancy
Syphilis can increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and stillbirth. It is crucial for pregnant individuals to seek timely treatment to prevent these adverse outcomes. Dr. Gleaton advises staying up to date on STI testing, particularly for pregnant individuals, as the body’s reaction to syphilis bacteria can vary.
Barriers to Prevention and Health Services
The CDC points to several reasons for the increase in syphilis cases. These include lax condom use, an increase in substance abuse linked to risky sexual behavior, and significant barriers to sexually transmitted infection prevention and health services. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns further strained public health programs, exacerbating the issue.
The Elusive Nature of Syphilis Symptoms
Syphilis is often referred to as “the great imitator” due to its ability to mimic other diseases. Its symptoms are not always easy to notice, making regular testing crucial. Syphilis is most infectious during the primary and secondary stages, which can overlap.
Recognizing the Signs of Syphilis
Primary syphilis is characterized by the appearance of small sores, known as chancres, within three weeks of exposure to the bacteria. These sores are highly contagious and can be found around the genitals, rectum, and mouth. They may be painless and easily mistaken for other skin conditions. Dr. Gleaton emphasizes the importance of getting tested if there is a concern about potential exposure.
Secondary syphilis may develop if the infection is left untreated. It is characterized by a rash that can appear anywhere on the body but typically involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Other symptoms may include fevers, chills, enlarged lymph nodes, and malaise. Even if these symptoms subside, it is crucial to seek testing as the bacteria can continue to cause health issues later in life.
Treatment and Testing
The good news is that syphilis is easily treatable with antibiotics in its early stages. Testing generally involves a blood test, and treatment often includes one to three shots of a long-acting penicillin formulation. It is also recommended to get tested for other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, during the same visit.
Destigmatizing STI Diagnosis
Dr. Gleaton emphasizes the importance of education and destigmatization surrounding STIs. She has observed an increase in STI cases across various age groups and believes it is crucial to address the fear and shame associated with a positive diagnosis. Seeking timely treatment and addressing sexual health concerns openly is essential for a healthier future.
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In conclusion, the CDC report’s findings on the alarming increase in syphilis cases highlight the urgent need for action. Disparities in affected communities, the rise in congenital syphilis cases, and barriers to prevention and health services all contribute to the severity
