Resurgence of Measles, Tuberculosis, and Polio Raises Concerns in the U.S.
In recent weeks, the United States has witnessed the reemergence of diseases that were once on the decline or even considered eradicated. Measles, tuberculosis, and polio have made headlines, causing concern among public health officials and experts. While these diseases have been largely kept at bay for years, they are now making a comeback, prompting questions about the reasons behind this resurgence and the potential dangers they pose.
Measles has received the most attention, with outbreaks occurring on both coasts within a matter of weeks. In the Philadelphia area, nine people tested positive for measles after an outbreak originated at a day care center in late December. Shortly after, health officials in Virginia issued warnings about possible measles exposure at Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan National Airport. In Washington state, six individuals contracted measles at a family gathering, leading health officials to urge healthcare providers to be vigilant for symptoms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also issued a warning to healthcare providers after confirming 23 cases of measles between December 1 and January 23.
Tuberculosis cases have also been reported in schools in Pennsylvania and Las Vegas over the past week. Additionally, polio, a disease that can cause paralysis, was detected in New York’s Rockland County in 2022. These incidents have raised concerns about the factors contributing to the resurgence of these diseases.
According to infectious disease experts, the decline in vaccination rates plays a significant role in the reemergence of these diseases. Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and professor at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, explains that withholding children from vaccination creates pockets of susceptibility. While the U.S. does not currently vaccinate against tuberculosis due to low exposure risk, vaccination rates for other diseases have drifted downward. Dr. Thomas Russo, an infectious disease expert at the University of Buffalo, attributes this decline to the anti-vaccination movement and missed doses during the pandemic.
The resumption of travel post-pandemic has also contributed to the spread of these diseases. People traveling to areas where measles and other diseases are more prevalent than in the U.S. can bring them back when they return. Additionally, many individuals have forgotten the severity of these diseases and the importance of protecting themselves and their families against them. Dr. Schaffner highlights that the reintroduction of these diseases to the population often leads to surprise at their rapid spread and the severity of illness they can cause.
While the number of cases remains relatively low in the U.S., the consequences of contracting these diseases can be severe. Dr. William A. Petri, an infectious disease expert at UVA Health, notes that measles cases in the U.S. average less than 100 per year. However, those who do contract these diseases can become seriously ill. Dr. Schaffner emphasizes that current parents often underestimate the seriousness of these diseases, considering them trivial. Measles, in particular, is highly contagious and can spread rapidly among unvaccinated individuals. Polio, although less common than measles, can result in paralysis, while tuberculosis can be fatal if not properly treated.
To address this resurgence, experts recommend vaccination. While tuberculosis vaccines are only recommended under select circumstances in the U.S., vaccines for polio and measles are part of routine childhood vaccinations. Adults who have not been vaccinated against these diseases are encouraged to do so. Primary care physicians or health departments can administer these vaccines, although it may be necessary to call in advance to ensure availability.
“It’s not too late to get these vaccines as adults,” says Dr. Schaffner. Dr. Russo adds that the consequences of these diseases can be even more severe in adults than in children. Protecting oneself and others through vaccination is crucial in preventing the further spread of these diseases and ensuring public health and safety.
In conclusion, the resurgence of measles, tuberculosis, and polio in the U.S. has raised concerns among public health officials and experts. The decline in vaccination rates, travel to areas with higher disease prevalence, and a lack of awareness about the severity of these diseases have contributed to their reemergence. While the number of cases remains relatively low, the potential consequences of contracting these diseases are significant. Vaccination is recommended for both children and adults to protect against these diseases and prevent their further spread. By prioritizing vaccination, individuals can play a crucial role in safeguarding public health and preventing future outbreaks.
