December 5, 2023 07:33 |
Updated: December 5, 2023 07:42
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Natural Sciences and Technology. Illustration source: PEXELS/Anthony
In the era of classical physics, scientists agreed that atoms were the smallest constituent of all particles. An atom consists of an atomic nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting around the atomic nucleus. However, as technology advances, this theory is refuted by modern physics. Scientists have succeeded in discovering the smallest particles that make up atoms, namely quarks.
what are quarks?? Quarks are a type of elementary particle. These quarks are the building blocks of the particles we call hadrons. The most stable hadrons we know are protons and neutrons. These quarks consist of up quarks and down quarks. So now it can be concluded that in general all matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. The special thing is that quarks cannot be found separately, they can only be found in the form of hadrons.
To understand quarks, we take the example of the proton particle. A proton consists of two up quarks, one down quark, and these three quarks are very tightly bound by gluom. Quarks have a variety of intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics that experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravity, strong interaction, and weak interaction). For each quark there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, which differs from quarks only in that some of its properties (such as electric charge) are the same in magnitude but opposite in sign.
The quark model was proposed independently by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Quarks were introduced as part of a hadron ordering scheme, and there was little evidence of their physical existence until a deep inelastic scattering experiment was conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968. The experiment the accelerator program has provided evidence for all six flavors. The top quark, first observed at Fermilab in 1995, was the last to be discovered.
2023-12-05 00:33:21
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