Mutations of the p53 protein are considered the main cause of cancer development and are found in half of all cancer cases in the world. Normally, this protein is a key mechanism of defense against cancer. Scientists have figured out what exactly triggers mutations and how altered p53 functions stimulate tumor growth. The discovery allows us to rethink existing therapeutic strategies – restoring the functions of this protein could become a key strategy for treating cancer.
In its natural state, the p53 protein serves as a powerful defense mechanism against the development of cancer by repairing or removing cells with damaged DNA. Due to various environmental factors, the p53 mutation leads to dysfunction: on the one hand, the loss of protective properties no longer prevents the development of the tumor, and on the other, the change in p53 can enhance it, but instead of fighting the tumor, on the contrary, the protein helps it survive and grow.
Finally, scientists from Australia and Italy have found out what properties help mutant p53 stimulate tumor growth. Research findings published on the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research website.
“Our study provides the first evidence that it is actually loss of p53 function that influences cancer growth. We found no evidence that gain of function promotes tumor growth,” said co-author Gemma Kelii.
In total, scientists assessed 157 different types of mutations. In subsequent experiments, they restored normal p53 function and showed that this treatment reduced cancer growth.
Now all efforts will be aimed specifically at restoring the lost properties of p53. “There is no therapeutic benefit to the other strategy, so the focus must be on recovery,” the authors said. The results of further studies will be very important for clinical practice, since about 50% of all cancers are associated with p53 mutations.
2023-11-28 09:27:33
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