Jakarta –
Molar pregnancy is the growth of abnormal tissue from incomplete fertilization in the uterus. In this condition, women who experience molar pregnancy still experience normal pregnancy.
However, when an ultrasound examination was carried out, the midwife or doctor did not see a fetus. What is visible are small grape-like spheres in the womb.
What is a molar pregnancy?
Molar pregnancy in medical terms is called Hydatidiform Mole. Quoting the Poltekkes-TJK repository, this disease originates from abnormalities in the growth of placental trophoblasts or placental candidates and is accompanied by villous crystal degeneration and hydropic changes.
This condition occurs when a benign tumor occurs as a result of failure to form a fetus. So, a membrane surface network is formed that resembles a bunch of grapes.
Characteristics of Pregnant Grapes
Molar pregnancy can be characterized by several characteristics. The following are according to the book Complete Questions about Problem Pregnancies by Irmawati, S.Si., Apt:
1. Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
In molar pregnancy, women can experience bleeding early in pregnancy. This is because the body will automatically expel foreign objects. In this case, failed fertilization is considered a foreign body by the body.
2. Bleeding Accompanied by Small Bubbles
The next characteristic is bleeding accompanied by small bubbles. This is incomplete fertilization released by the body.
3. Excessive Nausea and Vomiting
Excessive nausea and vomiting can be experienced by women who experience molar pregnancy. This condition occurs because the uterus tries hard to expel foreign objects, which are in the form of grape-like bubbles.
4. HCG levels are higher than in normal pregnancy
These characteristics can be identified through an HCG examination. If a person’s HCG level is known to be higher than normal pregnancy, then there is a high possibility of experiencing molar pregnancy. This high level of HCG is caused by a hormone that should be distributed to the fetus, but accumulates in the body.
Causes and Risk Factors for Molar Pregnancy
Molar pregnancy can occur due to incomplete fertilization, but it is in the uterus and attaches to the uterine wall accompanied by the formation of the placenta. Another cause that can cause molar pregnancy is that one egg cell is fertilized by 2 sperm cells, then dies due to pressure on the growth of trophoblast cells.
According to the book 275 Questions and Answers About Pregnancy and Childbirth by Midwife Ewa Molika and the Mayo Clinic, here are several risk factors for molar pregnancy:
1. History of molar pregnancy, someone who has experienced a molar pregnancy is likely to experience a molar pregnancy again. On average, recurrent molar pregnancy occurs in 1 in every 100 people.
2. Age, molar pregnancy is more likely to occur in people older than 40 years or younger than 20 years.
3. Poor nutrition, a healthy and balanced diet must be followed by women who are planning a pregnancy
4. Hypertension, this condition increases a woman’s risk of experiencing molar pregnancy compared to those who do not have a history of high blood pressure.
Treatment for molar pregnancy
Molar pregnancy is indeed a benign tumor, but it can develop into a malignant one. Uncontrolled spread of trophoblast cells can damage the function of surrounding cells. Trophoblast cells can spread to other body organs such as the lungs, vagina, spinal cord and liver.
Quoting the Smart Book Healthy Families, Practical Guide to Healthy Living for All Family Members by Erryga Yogasmara and Puji Lestari, the following treatment is carried out:
1. Treatment of the malignant type of mole is carried out by administering cytostatic drugs, namely drugs that stop cell growth. The side effects felt are hair loss, nausea and vomiting.
2. Curettage method, which is a tool that is inserted into the vagina to suck out the bubbles until they are clean.
3. Laboratory and radiological examinations. HCG level checks are carried out continuously until the results are as expected.
That is an explanation of molar pregnancy, characteristics, causes and risk factors and treatment. If you experience symptoms of molar pregnancy, immediately consult a doctor for early treatment.
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2023-11-20 14:00:17
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