Jakarta –
The Earth has a center or core which is underground at a depth of about 6,400 kilometers. For comparison, the deepest drilling ever carried out by humans is around 12.2 kilometers.
Reporting from the Smithsonian in 2015, it took geologists 20 years to reach the depths of the earth’s core.
However, that will no longer happen because scientists are now using seismic waves to examine the Earth’s inner core without having to dig.
Parts of the Earth
Planet Earth broadly consists of crust, mantle and core. The earth’s crust is the outermost layer of the Earth where all life resides and only accounts for 1 percent of the planet’s total volume.
The Earth’s mantle is the middle layer and has 84 percent of the Earth’s volume. Meanwhile, the Earth’s core is the deepest layer making up 15 percent of the Earth’s remaining volume, according to an article from the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign.
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Reporting from the Seismin page, the earth’s crust is divided into oceanic crust with a thickness of 5 to 10 kilometers under the seas and continental crust with a thickness of up to 80 kilometers.
Most of the oceanic crust is basalt rock and is denser than continental crust which is predominantly granite. If an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic crust will move under the continental crust because it is denser, according to Space.com.
According to the US geological survey, this process will take a long time but eventually the oceanic crust will sink into the mantle at a rate of 8 centimeters per year.
Earth’s Mantle
According to Sunyoung Park, an assistant professor who studies the structure of the Earth, he stated that the Earth’s mantle is not liquid but is also not as hard as the ocean crust, he told Live Science.
“On certain geological time scales, the Earth’s mantle can appear like a liquid even though it is actually solid rock,” he explained.
The Earth’s mantle consists of various minerals and is dominated by bridgmanite. This section is about 2,900 kilometers deep and contains the upper and lower mantle.
Reporting from Space.com, Earth’s internal temperature increases between the upper and lower mantle boundaries by around 1,000 to 3,700 degrees Celsius.
Earth’s Core
It is known that the Earth’s core began to form from a sea of liquid iron and nickel with a thickness of 2,300 kilometers. This liquid sea is known as the outer core and surrounds a dense, iron ball about 2,440 kilometers wide, the inner core.
The liquid outer core of the Earth surrounds the inner core and provides a magnetic field effect for the Earth.
The planet we live on was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. When temperatures cool, heavier elements such as iron and nickel migrate inward to form the earth’s core. The part that is still cooling ultimately continues to form the inner core.
“Just like water turns into ice, iron turns into a dense inner core until the earth’s inner core expands,” Park said.
However, according to Park, the development of the Earth’s inner core takes a long time.
The Earth’s inner core has a temperature of around 5,200 degrees Celsius, which is estimated to be the same as the surface of the sun. However, due to the extraordinary pressure, the part remains solid.
Inside the earth’s core, there is still the deepest core of the earth, which is in the form of a solid metal ball with a thickness of around 725 kilometers.
Watch the video “Study: The Earth’s Core May Start Rotating in the Opposite Direction”
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2023-10-15 02:00:14
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