Together with Lidewy Hendriks, psychologist at MIND Korlatiewe discussed the symptoms, causes and treatment options of dysthymic disorder.
According to Hendriks, the dysthymic disorder (DSM-5) is a term that is used less and less these days. “We now more often talk about a ‘persistent depressive disorder,’” she explains. “It is characterized by symptoms of depression that last longer than two years. The complaints may vary in severity during that time. There are periods in which the gloom is more present and in the foreground, alternating with periods in which the gloom feels a bit ‘lighter’. The gloom never completely disappears for more than two months in a row.”
Compared to ‘normal’ depression, people with… dysthymie less intensive complaints, they often last longer. Other complaints associated with depression, such as reduced appetite, sleep problems and less interest in activities, are less prominent in persistent depressive disorder, but are present to a greater or lesser extent. Daily life is affected by this disorder. It makes life considerably harder. You can’t always tell from someone’s appearance whether they suffer from this or not.
The dysthymic disorder is characterized by prolonged sadness and loss of interest in daily activities. Some common symptoms include:
Persistent sadness – individuals with dysthymic disorder experience persistent sadness and dejection for at least two years. This feeling can be mild to moderate, but lasts for a long time. Decreased interest – Losing interest in activities that were once enjoyable, such as hobbies, social interactions and work, is a hallmark symptom. Fatigue – constant fatigue and loss of energy are common in dysthymic disorder. Sleep changes – insomnia or excessive sleeping may occur as a result of this disorder. High sensitivity – being more sensitive to impressions and stimuli than normal. Changes in appetite or weight – weight loss or weight gain due to appetite changes. Low self-esteem – individuals with dysthymic disorder often have a negative self-image and feelings of hopelessness.
Myths about the dysthymic disorder
“It is a myth that it is your own fault, that you just have to get over it, think more positively or that you can ‘infect’ or ‘infect’ others with it. That is all untrue,” Hendriks emphasizes. “The fact that you have to take medication all your life or that you always have suicidal thoughts when you are depressed is also not correct.”
According to the psychologist, there are many people with persistent depression who become despondent and feel that life no longer matters, but who do not have concrete suicidal thoughts.
The exact cause of dysthymic disorder is not known, but it appears to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some potential causes:
Genes
People with a family history of depression have an increased risk of developing dysthymic disorder.
Chemical imbalance
Changes in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, may play a role in the development of depression.
Environmental factors
Stressful life events, childhood trauma, other traumatic experiences or chronic stress can increase the risk.
Personality
Certain personality traits, such as pessimism and perfectionism, can increase the risk of dysthymic disorder. Furthermore, depression and/or dysthymia occur in 15-75% of adults with ADD or ADHD.
It is advisable to seek help if you experience sadness most of the day and most days of the week for more than two weeks in a row, says Hendriks. “This may be in combination with sleep problems (sleeping a lot or little), a changing appetite, a feeling of disinterest and/or having little energy and low self-esteem.” She recommends that if in doubt you always go to your GP or contact us free of charge MIND Correlation. “There are professional care providers who can ask questions and refer you to the right organization or care provider.”
How dangerous is this disorder?
“That depends on what you mean by ‘dangerous’,” says Hendriks. “It’s a danger to your mental health because it takes away your energy and makes your life much harder. As a result, there is a chance that your quality of life will become so low that you no longer feel comfortable with it. Life is then a constant battle or it feels like you are ‘surviving’.”
On the other hand, it is not dangerous for the environment. “It really is a burden that the person carries themselves. It can create a feeling of powerlessness in those around you, because it is (or seems) difficult to help the person you care about experience more happiness or feel better about themselves.”
Fortunately, dysthymic disorder is treatable, with several effective treatment options available.
therapy
For example, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) can help identify negative thought patterns and develop healthier coping mechanisms.
Lifestyle
Furthermore, it can help to adjust certain things in your lifestyle. Regular exercise, healthy diet, adequate sleep and stress management can reduce symptoms.
Medication
If this does not help, there is also medication. For example, antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants are often prescribed to relieve symptoms.
Support groups
Finally, talking about it with others can provide some peace of mind. There are various support groups. Participating in support groups or therapy groups can help people with dysthymic disorder find support and understanding from others who have similar experiences.
Persistent depressive disorder is a condition that causes prolonged sadness and loss of interest in daily life. It is important to seek professional help in time if you suspect that you (or someone you know) suffers from this condition. With the right treatment and support, patients can achieve a better quality of life and recovery.
Everyone gets sad sometimes, but if this lasts longer than two weeks, it may be that something else is going on. How do you recognize depression and how do you recover from it? Doctor Rutger tells you all about it:
Bron: MIND Correlation, Punt P, GGz Breburg, Healthline
October 12, 2023
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2023-10-12 11:48:11
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