The Formation and Characteristics of Black Holes Explained

KOMPAS.com – A black hole is a place in space with gravity that can attract everything nearby.

Reporting from the National Geographic page, black holes are points in space that are so dense that they create deep gravitational indentations.

Gravity is not only deep, but also very strong in pulling things because matter is squeezed into a very small space. Not even light can escape.

Because strong gravity pulls all light into its center, no light can escape. This makes humans unable to see black holes.

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However, researchers using space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes.

Scientists see gravity affecting stars and gas around black holes. When a black hole and star are close together, high-energy light is produced.

Light like this cannot be seen with the human eye, so satellites and telescopes are needed in space to see high-energy light.

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The process of forming a black hole

Most black holes are formed from the remains of large stars that die and produce powerful explosions called supernovae.

Such explosions throw the star’s material into space, but leave behind the star’s core.

In supernova remnants, there is no longer any force opposing the gravity of the star’s mass, so the star’s core begins to collapse in on itself.

According to the NASA website, smaller stars become dense neutron stars, and are not massive enough to trap light.

If the total mass of the star is large enough (about three times the mass of the Sun), it can theoretically be proven that no force can hold the star from collapsing under the influence of gravity.

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However, when the star collapsed, something strange happened. As the star’s surface approaches an imaginary surface called the event horizon, time on the star slows down compared to the observer’s time at a distance.

When the surface reaches the event horizon, time stops, and the star can no longer collapse. It is a frozen object that collapses.

If the mass is reduced to a very small point, a black hole will be born.

Even larger black holes can occur due to stellar collisions. A powerful explosion can occur when a black hole and a neutron star collide, producing another black hole.

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Quoted from the Space.com page, another way black holes are formed is from the direct collapse of gas.

This is a process that is expected to produce more massive black holes with masses ranging from 1000 to 100,000 times the mass of the sun.

This process circumvents traditional star formation, and is believed to operate in the early universe and produce the seeds of more massive black holes.

Scientists suspect that the smallest black holes formed at the beginning of the universe.

Then stellar black holes form when the center of a very large star falls in on itself, or collapses.

Meanwhile, supermassive black holes formed at the same time as the galaxy in which they reside.

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2023-10-01 12:15:00
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