Original Title: Beware of Respiratory and Digestive System Diseases in the Beginning of the School Season
The start of school in autumn coincides with the turn of summer and autumn, which is a turning point in temperature changes throughout the year. At this time, the temperature difference between day and night is gradually increasing, and it is easy to cause colds, gastroenteritis and other respiratory and digestive system diseases if you are not careful. So, how can children be protected from common infectious diseases while they return to school? Recently, the Lanzhou Municipal Health Commission issued a health reminder for the start of school. Parents, teachers and students can pay attention to the prevention of related diseases.
Coronavirus Infection:
Be the first person responsible for your own health
Wearing masks scientifically is an important measure to prevent new coronavirus infection. Wear a mask when these situations occur: during the positive period of the new coronavirus antigen or nucleic acid test; during the period of fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose, muscle aches, fatigue and other suspected symptoms of new coronavirus infection; living, working or studying in the community 1. When clustered epidemics occur in schools; when going to medical institutions for medical treatment, escorting, escorting, and visiting; when foreigners enter places where vulnerable groups such as elderly care institutions and social welfare institutions gather; During the working period of public service personnel such as medical care, catering, cleaning, and security in key institutions such as off-campus training institutions.
Good hand hygiene is a simple and effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Wash hands with running water and soap or hand sanitizer. When it is inconvenient to go out, it is recommended to use hand sanitizer to rub your hands. You can open the windows to ventilate 2 to 3 times a day, 30 minutes each time, or once in the morning, noon and night. Put the tissue used when sneezing or coughing into a covered trash can; if there is no tissue at that time, you can cover your mouth and nose with the clothes on your elbows. When using the toilet to flush outside, pay attention to close the toilet lid before flushing to reduce the corresponding risk. The public who meet the vaccination requirements should actively receive the new crown vaccine. Those who have been vaccinated with the new crown vaccine but have not completed the full vaccination or booster vaccination should complete the full vaccination or booster vaccination as soon as possible after the expiration of the period to enhance the immune effect.
influenza:
Vaccination is the most effective means of prevention
At the turn of summer and autumn, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza are prone to occur. Influenza is highly contagious and spreads quickly. It is mainly transmitted through the air and droplets. Schools, nursery institutions and other places where people gather are prone to outbreaks of influenza. Symptoms of influenza mainly include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, chills, etc. Some children may also experience vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Good respiratory hygiene habits should be maintained, and when coughing or sneezing, cover the mouth and nose with tissues, towels, etc. Develop the habit of washing hands frequently, wash hands with soap or hand sanitizer and running water. Regularly open windows for ventilation, and do a good job of ventilation and environmental disinfection. Try to avoid going to crowded places. When in close contact with others in a closed environment or poorly ventilated places, you should wear a mask correctly.
Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. It is recommended that key populations such as the elderly aged 60 and over, children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and medical personnel receive influenza vaccines as a priority every year. After flu-like symptoms (body temperature ≥ 38 degrees Celsius, cough or sore throat), avoid going to school or work with illness; wear a mask when in contact with family members and when going out.
Norovirus infection:
Usually milder and shorter duration
The onset of norovirus infection is mainly mild. The most common symptoms are diarrhea and vomiting, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches. Children mainly suffer from vomiting, while adults mostly suffer from diarrhea. Although there is no vaccine or specific drug yet, norovirus acute gastroenteritis is a self-limiting disease with mild symptoms and short course.
Parents and students, as key populations of norovirus infection prevention and control, are advised to take good health protection from the following points: If parents (guardians/caregivers) experience symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, etc., they should report to the unit and seek medical treatment in time. When infected with norovirus, try to stay at home or be hospitalized for isolation and treatment according to the condition. When quarantined at home due to norovirus infection, try to share meals and rooms, avoid close contact with other healthy family members, especially do not cook or take care of the elderly and children.
During the epidemic period of norovirus infection, more attention should be paid to children’s gastroenteritis-related symptoms, early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment to avoid wider infection.
Parents (guardians/caretakers) should develop good hygiene habits, strengthen health guidance for children, and cultivate good dietary hygiene habits. Wash your hands before meals, after using the toilet, and before making food. When making, storing or storing food, separate raw and cooked food. Do not mix chopping boards, scissors, pots and bowls and other utensils. It is necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle and guide children to adhere to moderate exercise, reasonable diet, regular work and rest and other lifestyles to improve the body’s immunity.
Vegetables, melons and fruits should be cleaned, and no direct contact with ready-to-eat food with bare hands. Shellfish such as oysters with a high risk of norovirus infection must be cooked thoroughly before consumption. Do a good job of cleaning, ventilation and disinfection of the home environment, with daily cleaning and ventilation as the main focus; the patient’s home environment should be disinfected according to the guidance of medical staff to avoid transmission in the family. Master the scientific knowledge of norovirus infection prevention and control, and avoid excessive worry and panic. After norovirus infection, the disease is generally mild, the duration is short, and the prognosis is good; if the child is sick, parents should respond scientifically, and there is no need to worry or panic.
Students should develop good hygiene habits, including washing hands frequently, not touching, not eating hands, not drinking unboiled water, etc. When washing your hands, pay attention to washing your hands correctly according to the six-step hand washing method, use soap to wash your hands under running water, and rub your hands together for no less than 20 seconds. Maintain a regular schedule, get enough sleep, combine work and rest, exercise moderately, and have a balanced and nutritious diet to improve the body’s resistance to viruses.
Carry out self-health monitoring, and report to the school in time if symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain occur. If you suspect or diagnose norovirus infection, try to isolate yourself at home. Return to school after 3 days of symptoms disappearing. Use daily necessities alone, especially do not share towels, cups, toiletries, etc. with others during illness. The room is kept tidy and the doors and windows are opened to ensure ventilation. Avoid directly touching the surface of public objects with your hands when you go out, and wash your hands in time after touching.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease:
more common in summer and autumn
Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses. It is characterized by fever and rashes or herpes on the hands, mouth, and feet. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, and loss of appetite. There are neurological complications and multiorgan failure, which can lead to death.
The most common age of hand, foot and mouth disease is from 6 months to 5 years old, and it is more common in 3 years old, mostly in summer and autumn. People are generally susceptible to enteroviruses, and different age groups can be infected.
At present, the only vaccine used to prevent HFMD is EV-71 inactivated vaccine. This vaccine can prevent HFMD caused by EV-71 and effectively prevent severe illness and death. Children aged 6 months to 5 years are recommended to be vaccinated as soon as possible. However, there are more than 20 types of viruses that can cause HFMD, such as Coxsackie virus group A (CVA). good habits.
Adults may also be infected with enteroviruses, but most are asymptomatic. Therefore, while cultivating children’s habit of using soap or hand sanitizer to disinfect and wash hands before meals, after going to the toilet, and after going out, it is also necessary to regulate their own behavior. After going out, before touching children, change diapers and clothes with excrement for children Afterwards, wash your hands.
Pay attention to the environmental hygiene of young children, and the room should be ventilated frequently. Enteroviruses are afraid of ultraviolet rays and high-temperature disinfection, so drying clothes and quilts frequently is also an effective preventive measure. During the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, do not take children to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and avoid contact with sick children. In the epidemic season, you should also pay attention to whether children have rash symptoms on their hands, feet, mouth, buttocks, etc.
chicken pox:
Can happen year round
Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox can occur throughout the year, more common in winter and spring. Children and adolescents are susceptible to infection.
Chickenpox is very contagious, and the patient is the only source of infection. The incubation period for chickenpox is generally 14 to 16 days (range 10 to 21 days) after exposure to the virus. Patients may experience fever, malaise, anorexia, and headache symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
Vaccination is an important way to deal with chickenpox. Susceptible persons should be vaccinated against varicella if their health conditions permit. During the epidemic period, try not to go to places with dense population and closed environment. Patients with chickenpox should be isolated immediately and seek medical treatment in time.
Mumps:
The most common age is 5 to 15 years old
The most common age of mumps is from 5 to 15 years old, and it is common in winter and spring. Mumps is transmitted through direct contact or inhalation of droplets and saliva, and the onset occurs 2 to 3 weeks after contact with a patient. The main feature of children is unilateral facial swelling and pain, usually centered on the earlobe, developing forward, backward, and downward, with unclear edges. The local skin on the face is tense, shiny but not red, tough and elastic to the touch, with slight tenderness. Pain worsens as the patient opens their mouth. Usually 1 to 4 days after one side of the parotid gland is swollen, it will affect the opposite side of the parotid gland, and about 75% of children have bilateral swelling. The swelling of the parotid gland reaches its peak in 3 to 5 days, and gradually subsides in 7 to 10 days.
Currently, vaccination containing mumps components is an effective means of preventing mumps. Good personal hygiene and living habits should be developed in daily life. Wash hands before and after meals and after contact with dirty things. Change, wash and dry clothes and bedding frequently. Wash your hands immediately and avoid touching your mouth, eyes, and nose with dirty hands.
During the peak period of the epidemic, people should avoid or reduce going to crowded places. If relevant symptoms appear, they should seek medical treatment in time, reduce the chance of contacting others, and try to rest at home. Boil and disinfect the tableware and towels used by patients, and open the windows several times a day to keep the indoor air fresh. Reasonable sleep, adequate rest, avoid excessive fatigue; scientific diet, strengthen exercise, and enhance self-immunity.
Liu Xiaofang, all-media reporter of Lanzhou Daily
(Editors in charge: Jiao Long, Zhou Wanting)
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2023-08-31 02:57:00
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