The rejuvenation and high mortality rate of gastric cancer have attracted more and more attention. What factors make people more likely to get stomach cancer? How to prevent and treat it? (Shutterstock)
In recent years, from the 32-year-old Korean star Park Ji-hoon to the 35-year-old well-known Chinese beauty blogger with 1.18 million followers @胡草酱小Q, have died of gastric cancer one after another. The rejuvenation and high fatality rate of gastric cancer have attracted more and more attention. What factors make people more likely to get stomach cancer? How to prevent and treat it?
Gastric cancer is currently the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Among them, South Korea, Japan, China and other East Asian countries are the most frequent areas of gastric cancer in the world.According to the 2020Stomach Cancer Statistics, about 75% of new gastric cancer cases and deaths occur in Asia. Therefore, it is particularly important for East Asians, including Chinese, to prevent gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer early detection of these symptoms should be careful
Stomach cancer tumors grow on the lining of the stomach and often develop as precancerous lesions that, over time, can spread to other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs and bones.Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality rate, and the five-year relative survival rate is about20%Therefore, some early symptoms should cause vigilance.
However, the early symptoms of gastric cancer are not obvious, and some of them are very similar to other common diseases and are often overlooked. These early symptoms include: feeling full, indigestion, loss of appetite, heartburn, belching, vomiting (which may contain blood), changes in appetite, abdominal pain, general lethargy, or diarrhea. In addition, if the tumor grows in the cardia at the entrance of the stomach, it may also cause dysphagia.
Therefore, this requires people to be sensitive to these signals in daily life, especially if they have difficulty swallowing, they should seek medical attention immediately for diagnosis. Early detection and diagnosis are related to the prognosis of gastric cancer, and it is very important to understand the relevant symptoms.
With the further development of the disease, gastric cancer may also appear other symptoms. Bleeding due to tumor complicated by ulcers, patients may experience hematemesis, black or bloody stools, anemia, fatigue, and weight loss.
The early symptoms of gastric cancer include loss of appetite and heartburn, which are similar to general diseases and are easily overlooked. (Shutterstock)
What kind of people are likely to get stomach cancer
As the saying goes, “Diseases enter through the mouth”. In addition to genetic factors, living environment and unhealthy living habits are the main causes of cancer. Among them, high-sodium diet and smoking are the two major risk factors for gastric cancer.
Overall, possible causes of stomach cancer include:
1. Family and heredity
People who have immediate family members with stomach cancer are more likely to develop the disease.It is estimated that about 10% of gastric cancer cases have familial clustering, but only1%-3%is genetic.
2. Age and gender
Stomach cancer is more common in people over the age of 55. Studies have shown that more than 80% of gastric cancers occur in60 to 80 years oldBetween, and men tend to be more susceptible than women. Incidence statistics in 2020 show that the global incidence of gastric cancer in men is about 2 to 3 times that of women.
3. Race and Region
Although gastric cancer occurs in different ethnic groups, there are more patients in East Asians, Eastern Europeans, and Americans.
4. Smoking, drinking, obesity
multipleResearchAll have shown that smoking and drinking, obesity are high risk factors for cancer.
5. High-sodium diet
Eating a lot of heavy flavors, such as smoked and high-salt pickled foods, may damage the protective mechanism of the gastric mucosa and cause cancer in the stomach.
Eating a lot of heavy flavors for a long time, such as smoked, high-salt pickled foods, etc., may damage the protective mechanism of the gastric mucosa and cause cancer in the stomach. (Shutterstock)
6. Helicobacter pylori infection
Helicobacter pylori infectionIt is one of the most important risk factors for gastric cancer. Studies have found that about 55% of adults in China have H. pylori infection.
migrantResearchshowed that childhood exposure to gastric cancer factors has a greater influence: for example, H. pylori infection, which usually occurs before the age of 10 years, means that people who lived in the home country where H.
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most important risk factors for gastric cancer. (Shutterstock)
Early screening of gastric cancer can help improve cure rate
Although the overall survival rate for gastric cancer is approximately 20%, survival rates for gastric cancer are higher in East Asia. For example, South Korea’s 5-year survival rate from 2010 to 2014 was 67% and Japan’s 69%. These differences are partly attributable to the screening programs they implement. For example, Japan’s relatively high overall survival rate for gastric cancer is due to early Higher proportion of patients diagnosed: Between 1995 and 2000,53% of gastric cancer in Japanare diagnosed earlier, compared to about27%。
Another factor contributing to the differences in survival rates is the location of gastric cancer, as East/Central Asia and Eastern Europe have a higher proportion of non-cardia gastric cancer than North America and Western Europe.
Early screening of gastric cancer can help improve the cure rate. (Shutterstock)
Various treatment modalities for gastric cancer
Treatment for stomach cancer depends on the severity of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy.
Doctors may give patients radiation therapy or chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors, or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells, and the two treatments are often used together.
With the advancement of new medical technologies, cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy are becoming more and more popular. Targeted drugs find and attack cancer cells in the body without harming healthy cells around them, and immunotherapy helps patients harness their body’s natural immunity to fight cancer.
If treatment options are limited, patients can also ask their doctor if there is a suitable gastric cancer clinical trial to participate in. Clinical trials look at new drugs or procedures and give patients the chance to try the latest treatments.
Biomarker detection helps diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer
Because gastric cancer is often found to be in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of many patients is unsatisfactory. Therefore, early detection using effective screening methods is crucial to reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer. Selecting appropriate biomarker detection can play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
In clinical diagnosis, CEA and CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 199) are two more reliable serum markers for gastric cancer.
At present, targeted drugs for gastric cancer are continuously being developed. In recent years, a number of new drugs targeting HER2, VEGFR2, and PD-1 have been launched, giving patients more treatment options.
Eat more antioxidant foods and take a multi-pronged approach to prevent gastric cancer
There is currently no sure way to completely prevent stomach cancer, however, there are still things we can do to try tolower stomach cancer risk. Here are related suggestions:
．Avoid living near mineral, metal and hazardous waste industries where possible
．Avoid smoking and alcohol, or maintain maximum moderation
．If infected with Helicobacter pylori test, treat with antibiotics immediately
．Pay attention to the symptoms related to gastric cancer every day, and check in time
．Screening for early detection of gastric cancer in high-risk groups
．Use refrigerators and freezers to preserve food
．Limit intake of pickled and smoked foods
．eat fresh fruits and vegetables every day
．engage in regular physical activity
Eating more cruciferous vegetables can help reduce the risk of gastric cancer. (Shutterstock)
It should be emphasized that a number of studies have found that the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables containing antioxidant vitamins (such as cruciferous vegetables, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C) is beneficial to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Adoption of a Mediterranean diet may have a major impact on the prevention of stomach cancer.
A study in China showed that preventive interventions including H. pylori eradication, nutritional supplements, and screening (dual-contrast radiography and endoscopy) resulted in a 49% relative risk reduction in overall mortality in high-risk groups. ◇
The main reference materials for this article:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-to-worry-about-stomach-cancer
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Editor in charge: Xiaoyun◇
2023-08-10 20:30:23
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