Until the 80s, children were not injected with objects of fear
Needle disinfection with an alcohol lamp during BCG vaccination
I’m lacking in everything, even turning the needle
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It is unimaginable now, but until the 1980s, injection needles were disinfected with an alcohol lamp and reused. This is why the BCG vaccine was called non-injection. Getty Image Bank
As of the 16th of this month, the cumulative number of MPOX (monkey pox) patients in Korea has increased to 125. About three or four cases occur steadily a week, but contrary to concerns, they are not explosively spreading. It seems to be due to the fact that it spreads only in limited situations accompanied by close contact, and the number of first vaccinations exceeded 5,000.
To prevent Mpox infection, the third-generation smallpox (smallpox) vaccine, which was previously only received by medical staff, has been expanded to high-risk groups since early May, and thereafter, some people are seen sneaking their shoulders. It must be because there is an injection mark left on the shoulder like a scar. These people are all over the age of 40. This is because smallpox has not been reported in Korea since 1961, and the smallpox vaccine has also been excluded from the national vaccination program since 1979.
Some people say, “a smallpox vaccine that prevented Mpox by being injected in childhood,” but this is half right and half wrong. It may be true that the vaccination was not injected, but it was not the smallpox vaccine.
Bad times, intense fear for children
A child is crying in the vaccination scene recorded in Daehan News. Korean news capture
According to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) on the 22nd, the injection method called “Bull Injection” at that time is not a medically official name. Heating the injection needle with an alcohol lamp and inoculating several times is what remains as the image of non-injection. It’s unimaginable now to use an injection needle, but it was until the early to mid-1980s, when everything was not enough.
At that time, the nickname of the BCG vaccine to prevent severe tuberculosis was non-injection among children. Although the needle is not inoculated in a hot state, it is feared by children because it is heated with fire and even has convex scars after being hit.
BCG vaccine is still a national vaccination that must be received within 4 weeks of birth. It seems impossible to remember the BCG vaccine, that is, non-injection, in the first place because vaccination is done when a baby is born. Even though many people in their 40s and older say, “I was terrified of fire injections when I was in elementary school.” There is a reason for this.
Back then and now, the vaccination within 4 weeks of birth is the same, but until 1997, there was one more revaccination during elementary school students. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced that revaccination was not needed that year, and BCG vaccination has disappeared in Korea since then. The fire injection in elementary school, imprinted in the minds of many, is probably a memory from before the 1980s, before revaccination disappeared. Kwon Geun-yong, head of the Vaccination Planning Department of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said, “Until the 1970s, the BCG vaccine was received while standing in line in elementary school.”
Fire injection is not the cause of shoulder scars
1st generation smallpox vaccine. A set of freeze-dried vaccine (left), diluted solution (middle), and a branch needle in a plastic container. Department of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital
Smallpox vaccination is different from the BCG vaccine. Until 1978, the first smallpox vaccine was recommended at 2 to 6 months of age, the second at 5 years, and the third at 12 years of age. It was a method in which the vaccine powder for one person was smeared by surface tension by immersing the branch needle in a diluted solution of vaccine powder and pulling it out.
It had to be stabbed 15 times vertically into the skin using a snap on the wrist. Each mark had to be gathered in a circle with a diameter of less than 5 mm, and it was a rule to complete the entire process within 3 seconds. Here, only medical personnel who have been vaccinated can perform the procedure, and there are meticulous regulations on how to hold the vaccinated person’s arm and post-management. Until the second-generation vaccine, there was a great deal of concern about smallpox infection during the vaccination process. It was also impossible to heat the needle and reuse it for fire injection.
The tip of the branching needle used for second-generation smallpox vaccination is split in two. Department of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital
A circular, punctured scar on the shoulder of a person in their 40s or older is proof that they have been vaccinated against smallpox. The pathogen enters the skin and causes a local smallpox infection.
It may have disappeared over time, but if the scar is convex, it must be a trace of the BCG vaccine. However, this is not a scar caused by fire injection. It’s the reaction of the vaccine itself. The fire only sterilized the injection needle, but it was not hot enough to leave scars when piercing the skin.
There are two types of BCG vaccine, intradermal (injection type) and transdermal (seal type). In the intradermal type, skin bumps with a diameter of 5 to 7 mm are produced. Even now, if you get bloody contents, it’s the same. Transdermal use is a method of applying an injection solution to the skin and then stamping it twice like a stamp with a tool with 9 needles.
The BCG vaccine for intradermal use (above) and transdermal use are different, so the scars are left differently. Provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National vaccinations, which are free of charge, are only for intravenous vaccinations in which the dose can be adjusted to a certain level. If you choose a transdermal type, you will have to pay a separate fee for it. However, these days, parents tend to prefer transdermal use with less visible scars.
Vaccines that are effective even after exposure to mpox
The mpox vaccine currently in use is the third-generation smallpox vaccine ‘Geneos’ developed by a small biotechnology company in Denmark, Bavarian Nordic. Mpox is an infectious disease caused by the same family of pathogens as smallpox, so Jinneos works. After the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved it as the mpox vaccine last year, it is being used around the world, including us. Other than the Bavarian Nordic, no company has yet released a third-generation smallpox vaccine. In Korea, HK InnoN, which made a second-generation smallpox vaccine, is developing it.
Bavarian Nordic website capture
The smallpox vaccine differs from other vaccines in that it is effective if the virus has penetrated the body but before symptoms develop. This characteristic also applies to mfox. If it is hit within 4 days of contact with the patient, it prevents the onset of the disease, and if inoculated within 10 days, symptoms are mild even if they occur. Manager Kwon Geun-yong explained, “As pathogens proliferate right inside the body, you need to be vaccinated in advance to prepare for the production of antibodies through an immune response. The difference is that smallpox does not.”
Second- and third-generation vaccines differ in safety rather than effectiveness. It is said that the 3rd generation vaccine is not exposed to the outside and there are few adverse reactions. It doesn’t even leave a scar. This is the reason why it is counted as the first hand as a measure to prevent the spread of mpox. Namjoong Kim, a professor of infectious medicine at Seoul National University Hospital, said, “Mpox is a disease we have known about for 70 years.”
Changhoon Kim Reporter [email protected]
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2023-07-22 06:00:00
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