In recent years, genomic surveillance has emerged as a powerful tool in the fight against hospital-acquired infections. By analyzing the genetic material of pathogens, researchers are able to track the spread of outbreaks and identify the sources of infections. This information is then used to implement targeted interventions and prevent the spread of disease. In this article, we will explore how genomic surveillance is being used to detect and stop hospital outbreaks, and the implications for public health.
Real-time whole-genome sequencing (WGS) proved effective in detecting genetically related clusters of infection and identifying potential sources, according to a study presented at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Spring Meeting. During weekly surveillance between November 2021 and October 2022, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh collected and sequenced cultured isolates of bacterial pathogens from patients hospitalised for three days or longer or with recent healthcare exposures. Analysis of 1,633 infected patient isolates led to the detection of 74 clusters of 210 patients, 118 (56.2%) of which showed an epidemiological link between earlier isolates. As a result, 89.2% of clusters received infection prevention interventions. In total, 69 interventions were performed including unit education, hand hygiene observations, enhanced cleaning, environmental cultures or removal of endoscope and enhanced microbiology surveillance. Following these interventions, 59 subsequent infections were identified, including 17 (28.8%) without clear epidemiological links and 41 (69.5%) with a link either to a new transmission route or the same route prior to intervention. The authors of the study concluded that this approach could prove effective in rapidly detecting bacterial outbreaks and guide infection prevention interventions to prevent future infections.
In conclusion, Genomic surveillance has proved to be a powerful tool in detecting and halting hospital outbreaks. Its ability to quickly identify the source of infections and track the spread of diseases has saved countless lives and prevented the potential for much larger outbreaks. By adopting these advanced genomic techniques, hospitals can better protect their patients and healthcare workers, and minimize the risk of infection. We can only hope that this promising technology is further developed and widely implemented in healthcare systems around the world.
