Animals have a cell structure that has characteristics and functions. This cell shows that animals are living things that grow and develop. Animal cell structure has a hard wall with various cell types.
Animal Cell Structure
The following is the structure of animal cells and their functions:
1. Cell membranes
The cell membrane is a semipermeable layer in cells that surrounds and encloses the contents of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The cell membrane functions to separate the cell from the surrounding interstitial fluid.
The formation of the cell membrane takes place with the basic ingredients in the form of lipoproteins, which are formed from fats and proteins. This membrane layer is composed of cholesterol and lipid bilayers to maintain fluidity over a wide range of temperatures.
2. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a cell structure surrounded by a plasma membrane which consists of water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins.
The cytoplasm acts as a repository for cell chemicals that are important for cell metabolism, such as enzymes, ions, sugars, fats, and proteins. Cytoplasm is the non-nuclear part of the protoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
The next animal cell structure is the endoplasmic reticulum, a fibrous organelle inside the cell nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system. The endoplasmic reticulum is a very large membranous labyrinth, so it comprises more than half of the entire eukaryotic cell membrane.
4. Mitochondria
The next part of the animal cell is the mitochondria, which as a machine are the largest cell organelles. This organelle has two layers of indented membranes called cristae. In mitochondria, glucose and oxygen work together to form energy.
5. Microfilaments
Microfilaments or actin filaments are an integral part of the cell body (cytoskeleton) which are rod-shaped with a diameter of about 7 nm and are composed of actin protein, a spherical protein.
Eukaryotic cells have microfilaments. In contrast to the role of microtubules in tension (compression), the role of microfilament structures in the cytoskeleton is to withstand tension (tensile force).
6. Lysosomes
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosomes are located in eukaryotic cells, this section is useful for regulating intracellular digestion under certain conditions.
Lysosomes control intracellular digestion, digesting materials through phagocytosis, destroying damaged organelles, and accessing macromolecules.
7. Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes, also known as microbodies, are small sac organelles that contain the enzyme catalase.
Read as many books as you like at Gramedia Digital Premium
Its job is to break down peroxide or metabolism which is toxic and converts fat into carbohydrates. Peroxisome organelles are present in liver and kidney cells.
8. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are cellular organelles with a compact structure and small size with a diameter of about 20 nm. This organelle consists of 65% ribosomal RNA and 35% ribosomal protein or ribonucleoprotein.
Ribosomes in animal cells use amino acids to translate RNA into polypeptide chains or proteins during the translation process. The function of ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis.
9. Centrioles
Centrioles are the tube-shaped structures of animal cells in eukaryotic cells. These cells play an important role in the process of cell division because they form spindle and color fibers and flagella. In addition, it can also form a combined structure.
10 Microtubules
Microtubules are located in the cytoplasm and are also found in eukaryotic cells, which are long, hollow cylinders. This cell is 12 nm in diameter with an outer diameter of 25 nm. Microtubules are made up of several spherical protein molecules called tubulin.
11. Many Golgi
Golgi apparatus is also called Golgi apparatus which is involved in the secretory function of animal cells. The position of these cells in eukaryotes is useful in the process of excretion, as occurs in the kidney. There are about 10-20 Golgi body cells in animals.
12. Nucleus
The nucleus is the smallest organelle that regulates and controls the activities of animal cells, starting from metabolism to cell division. The nucleus contains genetic material long linear DNA chromosomes.
This organelle is found in eukaryotic cells, which consists of several parts such as the nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and nucleus.
13. Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound structure of proteins and nucleic acids in the nucleus (nucleus) of a cell. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled in the cell nucleus. The function of this cell structure is to form proteins and is one of the causes of human disease.
14. Nucleoplasm
Nucleoplasm is the solid structure inside the nucleus or cell nucleus. It contains dense chromatin fibers and forms chromosomes. Moreover, the nucleoplasm is responsible for transporting the genetic information.
15. Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear envelope is the main structural element of the cell nucleus, which encloses all the organelles of animal cells. Moreover, this organelle acts as a separator between the cytoplasm and the nuclear region.
The nuclear membrane is impenetrable, or all substances, both solid and liquid, cannot pass through it, so that most of the molecules that make up the nucleus require the presence of a nuclear pore.
Books Cell Biology 7th Edition You can use what Subowo wrote as a reference for learning about the structure of animal cells. This book contains a complete explanation of cytology which is the science that studies cells in their structural aspects.
Readers will also not be difficult to identify difference between animal cells and plant cells. Including other living things such as cells in humans, bacteria and so on.
You can order and buy this book at Gramedia.com!
