Scientists create black hole which was developed in the laboratory to test one of the theories of physicists Stephen Hawking. How big?
Quoted from Live scienceHawking’s theory suggests that a black hole should emit a radiant glow of virtual particles that randomly appear near its boundary.
The researchers found that most of the light particles, or photons, should be generated around the edges of this ‘cosmic monster’. The team published the findings Nov. 8 in the journal Physical review research.
The experiments were created using a single-strand chain atomic chain to simulate the event horizon of a black hole.
According to quantum field theory, there is no such thing as an empty vacuum. Instead, space is filled with tiny vibrations that, when given enough energy, randomly explode into virtual particles.
In 1974, Stephen Hawking predicted that the extreme gravitational force felt in front of a black hole would generate photons in this way.
Gravity according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity can distort space and time, so that the quantum field is increasingly curved the closer it gets to the enormous gravitational pull of the black hole singularity.
Due to the uncertainties and quirks of quantum mechanics, this deformation creates irregular pockets with different travel times and resulting energy spikes throughout the field.
It is this energy mismatch that causes virtual particles to emerge from the black hole’s periphery, before annihilating to produce a faint light called Hawking radiation.
On an atomic scale
In the absence of true black holes, physicists began looking for Hawking radiation in experiments simulating extreme conditions.
In 2021, scientists used a one-dimensional row of 8,000 atoms of the element rubidium that were supercooled and laser-locked, a soft metal, to create virtual particles in the form of wave-like excitations along a chain.
Now, another atomic chain experiment has accomplished a similar feat, this time by regulating how easily electrons can jump from one atom to another, creating a synthetic version of a hole’s space-time warping event horizon. black.
After the simulation, the researchers noticed temperature spikes in the chain, results that mimicked the infrared radiation produced around black holes.
These results suggest that Hawking radiation may appear as a quantum entanglement effect between particles positioned on either side of the event horizon.
Interestingly, the radiation effect appears only when the jump amplitude changes from a spatio-temporal configuration to a curved configuration.
This demonstrates that Hawking radiation requires a change in the specific energy configuration of spacetime to produce radiation.
Because the strong gravitational distortion produced by black holes is absent from the model, it still offers a tantalizing glimpse into previously unexplored physics.
(can/arh)
