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You may know the planet Earth, which is now the home of humans, right? Apparently, the Earth is not the only planet in the world, yes, Mother. All the planets are in the solar system.
The solar system is made up of the sun and planets with their respective satellites and other celestial bodies revolving around the sun. In the solar system, the sun is the center, Mother.
Summarizing from the book Knowing the Solar System Of Purwanto and Ready Susanto, the sun is surrounded by eight planets. Previously, there were nine planets in the solar system. However, the astronomers have decided to exclude the planet Pluto from inclusion in the solar system.
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The formation of the solar system
About 4.6 billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust began spinning in space, then spun faster and began to aggregate to form a flat disk.
The center or center of the disk forms a giant ball of gas which later becomes the sun. The dust around him gathered to form giant rocks and then planetesimals.
Hence, planetesimals are a group of objects that will later merge to form planets after being compressed by gaseous matter. These planetesimals then undergo many collisions and cluster together.
Large objects attract small ones and form planets. Small planetesimals become asteroids, comets, meteoroids or satellites. The solar system was formed whose center, the sun, has a strong attraction so that the planets move around the sun in a relatively fixed trajectory.
Planets in the solar system
As explained above, there are eight planets in the solar system, Mother. These planets also have various characteristics and their own charms. Here is the explanation:
1. Planet Mercury
 Merkurius / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / themotioncloud-– |
Start page Space place of NASA, Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system, Mother. Mercury is also a small rocky terrestrial planet.
Although it is called the smallest planet, it is still larger than the moon. Craters on Mercury formed when a 100 km wide asteroid hit Mercury.
Not only that, Mercury is the planet closest to the sun. Even so, that doesn’t mean Mercury is the hottest planet, yes.
Because Mercury is so close to the Sun, Mercury’s surface temperature can reach 840 degrees Fahrenheit or 450 degrees Celsius, which means it’s very hot. However, since Mercury has no atmosphere, the planet doesn’t store much heat.
At night, Mercury’s temperature can drop to minus 275 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 170 degrees, Mother. Changes in temperature can be greater than 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit or 600 degrees Celsius.
Quoting the pages SpaceInstead of having a substantial atmosphere, Mercury has an ultra-thin exosphere composed of atoms detached from its surface by solar radiation, solar wind and micrometer impacts, Mother. According to NASA, this could quickly carry into space and form a tail of particles.
Mercury’s atmosphere is a surface-bound exosphere which is essentially a vacuum. This atmosphere contains 42 percent oxygen, 29 percent sodium, 22 percent hydrogen, 6 percent helium, 0.5 percent potassium, and other ingredients ranging from carbon dioxide, to water, to neon .
2. Planet Venus
 Venus / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / here-– |
The planet Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun after Mercury. This planet has no natural satellites and is named after the goddess of love in Roman mythology.
Venus looks like a star at night, mom. This is because Venus has a thick layer of atmosphere and can reflect sunlight well. Venus is also called the hottest planet in the solar system because it has a temperature of over 470 degrees Celsius.
The planet Venus is the only planet that can rotate clockwise. Venus is often nicknamed the morning star, the morning star or the evening star.
The average distance of Venus from the Sun is about 108.2 million km. Venus’s rotation time is approximately 243 days while its revolution time is 224.7 days.
3. Planet Earth
 Bumi / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / Jaiphet Seehawong-– |
Earth is the only planet that can be inhabited by humans, Mother. This is because the Earth has a relatively constant temperature. The temperature on planet Earth can keep water available in liquid form and can keep a variety of oxygen-producing organisms alive.
Summarizing from the book Collection of creative teaching materials by Nanda Hidayati, the atmosphere of planet Earth is up to 700 km thick consisting mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. More than 70 percent of the earth’s surface is water and the rest is land.
The Earth’s rotation time is 23 hours and 57 minutes. While the time for the evolution of the Earth is 365.242 days or about a year.
4. Planet Mars
 Planet Mars / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / Martin Holverda-– |
Planet Mars is the fourth closest planet to the sun, Mother. Mars is often nicknamed the red planet due to its reddish color.
The rotation time of the planet Mars is 9 hours and 56 minutes. While the revolution of the planet Mars is about 11 years 10 months and three days.
The planet Mars has a diameter of about 6,794 km. The temperature on Mars itself can reach 65 degrees Celsius.
5. Planet Jupiter
 Jupiter / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / Martin Holverda-– |
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Its diameter alone can reach 139,822 km.
The rotation time of Jupiter is about 10 hours and 40 minutes. For the time of the revolution itself it is about 29.42 years. The temperature on the planet Jupiter can reach 50 degrees Celsius. Jupiter has 16 satellites.
The planet Jupiter can reflect 70 percent of sunlight until it hits the planet’s surface. Jupiter also has a gas that is 90 percent hydrogen and 10 percent helium.
6. Planet Saturn
 Saturn / Photo: iStock-– |
The planet Saturn is one of the most beautiful planets in the solar system, Mother. This planet has a ring made up of rock and pieces of ice.
The diameter of the planet Saturn itself can reach 120,536 km, Mother. Even so, the temperature on Saturn is very cold. Saturn’s average temperature can reach -140 degrees Celsius, you know.
If you put Saturn on the water, it will float perfectly, Mother. Saturn’s surface is even made up of ice crystals.
7. Planet Uranus
 Uranus / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / 24K-Production-– |
The planet Uranus is named after the ancient Greek goddess of the sky. This planet is located approximately 2,872 km from the Sun, so it can make a revolution for 84 years.
Saturn is very far from the sun. This makes Uranus very cold.
Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth compared to the planet Uranus which takes about 2.5 hours.
In the summer, the sun will shine for 20 years. While in winter, darkness will cover the planet for 20 years. In the fall, the sun rises and sets every 9 hours.
8. The planet Neptune
 Neptune / Photo: Getty Images / iStockphoto / alexaldo-– |
The planet Neptune was first discovered 65 years after the planet Uranus. The planet Neptune has a brilliant blue-green color.
The planet Neptune is called the planet that often acts. Not surprisingly, the planet Neptune often circulates outside its orbital line.
Neptune is known as the sister planet of Uranus. Neptune’s atmosphere is made up of 1.5 percent methane, 19 percent helium, and 80 percent hydrogen. The surface of the planet Neptune is covered with a very thick layer of ice so that temperatures on Neptune can reach minus 223 degrees Celsius.
Well, what about mom? Do you know the names of the planets in the solar system? Hope the information is helpful, Mom.
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(mua / per)
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