TEMPO.CO, Jakarta – Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition or chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism as a result of insulin function insufficiency. Doctor Adam Prabata on the @adamprabata account wrote down the tests that must be done before someone is diagnosed with DM and the criteria for someone to be declared to have DM.
He cited the 2019 Guidelines for the Management and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia from PERKENI. There are four blood tests to determine if a person has DM or not.
First, test blood sugar whenever, whenever you can do a blood test. Second, fasting blood sugar test. Minimum fasting 8 hours, can only drink water without sugar.
Third, the HbA1c test to determine blood sugar levels in the last 2-3 months. Fourth, blood sugar two hours after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In this test, 75 mg of glucose is added to 250 ml of water and taken within 5 minutes. Then, blood sugar was measured 2 hours later.
How is a person diagnosed diabetes mellitus? Blood sugar at 200 mg/dL or more plus eating, drinking, and urinating a lot, and unexplained weight loss. Other criteria are if fasting blood sugar is 126 mg/dL or more, or blood sugar after 2 hours of OGTT is 200 mg/dL or more.
The next criterion is if the HbA1c test is 6.5 percent or more. Furthermore, a person is diagnosed with impaired blood sugar if the fasting blood sugar level is 100-125 mg/dL, and the blood sugar 2 hours after the OGTT is less or 140 mg/dL.
Adam added that a person is said to have impaired sugar tolerance if his blood sugar 2 hours after the OGTT is 140-199 mg/dL and fasting blood sugar is less than 100 mg/dL. He explained that a person is diagnosed with prediabetes if: blood sugar fasting 100-125 mg/dL or more, blood sugar 2 hours after OGTT 140-199 mg/dL, or HbA1c 5.7-6.4 percent.
Also read: Diabetes, Mother of Non-Communicable Diseases
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