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The structure of bacteria from the outermost to the innermost layers and their functions.
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Bobo.id – Bacteria are one of the types of living beings that belong to the Kingdom Monera.
Kingdom Monera is a prokaryotic living being or has no cell nucleus. Kingdom monera consists of bacteria and blue -green algae.
Almost all single-celled bacteria with a very small size.
Bacteria can only be seen using a microscope capable of high magnification.
There are two types of bacteria called eubacteria and archaebacteria.
Also Read: Know the Causes, Symptoms, and Types of Bacterial Infectious Diseases
Archaebacteria also called ancient bacteria, because they are the oldest living organisms on earth.
Whereas eubacteria are single-celled organisms, also known as true bacteria.
Bacteria that are often found today belong to the type of eubacteria.
Well, this time we will discuss the structure of bacteria in particular eubacteria. Because this type of bacteria is often used for research.
Bacteria Structure and Function
The structure of bacteria is divided into two parts, namely the outer structure and the inner structure.
The outer structure of bacteria consists of a cell wall, capsule, cell membrane, flagella, and pili.
While the internal structure of bacteria consists of cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes, and plasmids.
Consider the following explanation to find out the function of each of these parts.
1. Outer Structure
The cell wall is the outermost part of the bacterial cell structure.
The cell wall serves to protect the inner layer of the cell and maintain the shape of the bacteria.
– Capsules, are mucus composed of water and polysaccharides that thicken and form a layer.
The mucus layer and capsule serve as a protective layer, keeping the cells from drying out and helping the bacteria to attach themselves.
In addition, it also serves to show the ability of bacteria to transmit disease.
Cell membrane, is a part composed of phospholipids and proteins. Its function is to place substances in and out of the cell.
– Flagella, are whip hairs on the cell wall. Its function is for locomotion in bacteria.
Pili, are fine hairs that grow from the cell wall. This hair is similar to flagella, but shorter in size.
The function of the pili for bacteria is to help bacteria adhere to the substrate and transmit genetic material.
2. Internal Structure
After knowing the shape and function of the parts of the external structure, we will study the internal structure of the bacterial cell.
Cytoplasm is a colorless liquid composed of water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, mineral salts, enzymes, ribosomes, and nucleic acids.
Also Read: Don’t Store Food Leftovers Using Aluminum Foil, Turns Out It Can Cause Bacterial Growth
The function of the cytoplasm is as a place of metabolism in bacteria.
Ribosomes are small organelles that serve as the site of protein synthesis.
The nucleoid is the nucleus where the bacterial chromosomal DNA collects.
– Plasmids, function to carry foreign genes that will be inserted into bacteria in the genetic engineering process.
Well, those are the structural parts of bacterial cells and their functions.
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