Without a vaccine, our body defends itself like this
If we get infected with it our immune system (defense system) reacts immediately. It tries to sideline the virus with all kinds of tricks. These tricks can make us sick, because the immune defense demands a lot of energy from our body.
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The coronavirus usually enters our body through the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth or eyes.
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Our immune system labels the virus as ‘foreign’ and sends a first platoon of immune cells to it. Those cells engulf the virus and block it so that it cannot cause further damage to our body.
The engulfing cell becomes 
‘antigen presenting cell’ (APC) called because they are typical proteins of the coronavirus 
(‘antigens’) selects and displays it on its outside. In this way the cell signals that it has detected foreign proteins. In the case of the coronavirus, these are crown proteins, the protrusions on its surface. The virus uses those protrusions to enter our cells.
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The display of virus proteins attracts other immune cells, 
T cells called. They take note of the presented antigen and bring in other immune cells, 
B cells are aware that an intruder has been reported.
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Both types of immune cells begin to multiply. Some daughter immune cells convert into
memory cells. They lay the foundation for a long-term immune defense against the corona virus.
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Other daughter immune cells go to work right away. B cells start 
antibodies to build against the crown protein.
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The antibodies then attach themselves to the crown proteins on circulating coronaviruses. As a result, they can no longer infect cells and no longer multiply themselves.
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All these successive steps slow down the multiplication of the corona virus. But it takes time for the immune system to detect the intruder and send its troops towards it.
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In the meantime, we get sick.
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Six Ways to Build a Vaccine
A vaccine elicits immune defenses by introducing our body to a harmless version of the coronavirus or a typical part of it in a timely manner.
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There are six ways to build a vaccine. All six ways have been used to design coronavirus vaccines.
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1. Live attenuated coronavirus
By deliberately making mistakes in the genetic material of the original coronavirus, a weakened virus is created that can no longer cause serious illness. The American company Codagenix is testing such a type of vaccine in humans.
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2. Deactivated coronavirus
By irradiating, heating or processing the original coronavirus with corrosive substances, it is made harmless. The virus can no longer enter cells, multiply and make sick. The Chinese company Sinopharm already has such a vaccine on the market. It is not yet in use in the West.
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3. Protein component of coronavirus
A protein vaccine contains one 
part of a coronavirus protein. It does not contain any other parts of the virus and therefore cannot reproduce. As a result, it cannot make vaccinees sick. The American company Novavax has developed a protein vaccine against covid-19 and is negotiating with the EU about a possible delivery.
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4. Nep-coronavirus
Fake virus vaccines are very similar to the original virus from the outside, but contain no genetic material inside. They form an empty shell that cannot cause disease, but can induce immunity.
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5. Genetic Vaccines
Include genetic vaccines 
messenger RNA (mRNA) or DNAinstructions for the construction of (part of) it coronavirus-krooneiwit.
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The instructions are channeled into our cells, which then pass the krooneiwit to build. The immune system can then produce antibodies to neutralize this protein. For example, it must have a supply on hand for when the real corona virus comes along. The vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer / BioNTech, with which our country vaccinates part of the population, are mRNA vaccines.
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6. Courier Virus
Courier virus vaccines channel the building instructions for some of it
coronavirus-krooneiwit into our cells, just like genetic vaccines do. The instructions are brought in by a harmless 
carrier virus, such as a cold virus.
The vaccines from AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), which are used in our country, are courier vaccines. The Russian Sputnik vaccine also belongs to this class.
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The six vaccine types differ in approach, but all six introduce our bodies to a typical
antigen of the coronavirus: the crown protein. By already antibodies Learning to build against that protein saves our body time when the real virus gets in.
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