“The environmental characteristics, added to the rains of the previous weeks, allowed the scenarios to be totally reversed and the agricultural crops to react, observing the full deployment of their genetic potentials,” says the report of the Center for Agricultural Estimates of the Center-North of the Province of Santa Fe, with cut-off to February 9, 2021.
On the other hand, as a consequence of the millimeters of fallen and accumulated water, rural roads and accesses to the destroyed lots were observed, as well as very humid, soft floors of properties. Just a couple of days, insecticide applications were carried out, mainly in soybean cultivation, due to caterpillar attacks, which, given the emergencies of the case in the different departments and due to this situation, opted for aerial applications.
In addition, the following agricultural activities took place irregularly during the week:
♦ monitoring – control of sunflower, rice, cotton, early corn, grain sorghum and early soybean,
♦ application of herbicides and insecticides,
♦ monitoring of boll weevil traps,
♦ cotton fertilization,
♦ sunflower harvest and
♦ Chopping / bagging corn early.
Useful water
In the total surface of the study area, in the north center of Santa Fe, made up of the departments of Nueve de Julio, Vera, General Obligado, San Cristóbal, San Justo, San Javier, Garay, Castellanos, Las Colonias, La Capital, San Martín and San Jerónimo, the availability of useful water in the first 20 cm in the soils was considered optimal in general, but excessive in specific areas, with flooding – flooding in low topographic positions.
The climatic instability and the new precipitations made it possible to load or recharge the soil profiles, with oversaturated sectors, thus covering a greater demand for cultivars in view of their different phenological states, in times of very active evapotranspiration processes.
The observation of the future extended climatic forecasts continued, but in view of the advance of the campaign and the phenological states, doubts were attenuated, as well as changes or alterations in the planning, leaving more limited decision-making for what was implemented in this season of the 2020/2021 thick harvest, in the center – north of Santa Fe.
SUNFLOWER
As the days went by, the physical conditions of the soils, the passability of the roads and the accessibility to the lots slowly improved, which made it possible to enter equipment and harvesters, thus resuming the sunflower harvesting process at different rates. , according to each department, achieving a degree of progress of the order of 50% and 2 percentage points every week.
The yield values continued to be similar to those stated in the previous report, but always varying, according to the areas.
The lowest results were obtained in the north, with averages that fluctuated between 11 and 12 qq / ha. In the central zone, they reached 16 to 18 qq / ha.
The sunflower obtained showed good to very good fat values, so far, very close to or equal to 50%.
The weeding of the different sites continued to be the main drawback, increasing these days at harvest time, as a consequence of the lower development of the plants, which favored the appearance of weeds, given the greater luminosity between rows and edaphic humidity, due to what herbicide applications were made before harvesting.
The sunflowers presented very good health, without problems, but in more advanced batches, in the fruiting stage, damage from attacks by pigeons and parrots continued to be observed, mainly in the central and southern departments of the study area.
The following phenological states were detected; R “reproductive stages”, R7 (the back of the chapter began to turn yellowish), in the departments of the center – south of the SEA and in the north, more advanced flocks, in R9 “physiological maturity” (back of the chapter and bracts yellowish to dark brown).
EARLY FIRST CORN
The cornfields with commercial destination did not change their states, 75% of the cultivars were found from good to very good, with excellent lots, without problems for their normal development, 15% regular and 10% went bad, with marked symptoms of thermo-hydric stress and plant death, without recovery.
These last two cases were evidenced in a greater proportion, in soils with non-ideal agricultural aptitudes or with certain limitations.
In the area of influence of the dairy basins of the center – north of Santa Fe, the chopping – bagging process, destined for self-consumption, was only carried out in a few plots, maintaining good results, in terms of quality and quantity. A percentage of them, in the face of climatic events and new environmental conditions, advanced in their phenological stages, passing their destination to commercial grain.
No sanitary problems due to pests or diseases were detected.
The following phenological stages were observed: R “reproductive stages”, R2 (set-blister), R3 (milky grain), R4 (pasty grain), R5 (toothed grain) and in more advanced batches, at the beginning of R6 (physiological maturity ).
COTTON
With excellent humidity in the soil profile, the cotton cultivars presented very good condition, exposing all their potential.
90% of them presented good to very good condition, with excellent batches, 8% fair condition and 2% bad.
These characteristics were the result of different climatic events, which generated good conditions for normal growth.
The activities were very affected and with various difficulties of passability and accessibility, due to the lack of a floor. Those that were resumed very slowly, resuming the monitoring of the traps in the different farms, as well as the prevention of the entry of the weevil to them.
Like the tasks of applications of growth regulators, for the interruption of the development of plants, mainly in height and also of herbicides and fertilizers.
In the lots where the crop started flowering, the traps would not be effective for capturing weevils, being then attracted by the same flowers, monitoring possible attacks on the buds and evaluating the damage.
In the Santa Fe cotton area the following phenological states were observed: V “vegetative states” V5 (fifth true leaf detached), V6 (sixth true leaf detached), V8 (eighth true leaf detached), R “reproductive stages” R1 (appearance of the first seedling), R2 (1st full flowering white flower) and the most advanced ones, in the beginning of capsule development.
EARLY FIRST SOY
A recovery of soybeans continued to be observed, as a consequence of the environmental conditions that prevailed in the last twenty-seven days, which favored their normal growth.
Therefore, 95% were observed in good to very good condition with excellent batches, 4% regular and 1% bad.
Intensive monitoring and evaluations continued in the different lots, detecting a significant presence of military caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda), widespread throughout the study area and in more advanced lots, green bug (Nezara viridula). Faced with the urgent need for the approach that the problem demanded, the producers resorted to aerial applications, which were the ones that were most specified, displacing land applications, in their amount.
In addition, as a consequence of the climatic situations that occurred and the impossibility of carrying out the essential applications, the number of weeds increased, especially Amaranthus quitensis (red yuyo) and Sorghum halepense (Aleppo sorghum), in the different plots, a matter that It should be resolved in the next few days, as the floors allow it and its walkability improves.
The following phenological stages were detected: V “vegetative stages”, V5 (5th node), V6 (6th node), V7 (7th node), V8 (8th node), V9 (9th node), R “reproductive stages), R1 (beginning of flowering) and more advanced batches, in R2 (flowering with one of the upper nodes with developed leaves).
MONDAY LATE SOY
Crop that, with weekly rainfall continued to improve its condition, being good – very good to excellent. The plant stand achieved was generally adequate, good germination and emergence, observing in certain areas and sectors that the cultivars showed less growth or development of the plants, compared to the previous cycle. But, given the environmental conditions, they recovered, presenting to date, better vegetative states and plant structure.
Insecticide applications were made, as in the early soybeans, according to their needs and urgencies, most of them were areas and in certain cases herbicides were also applied, to control weeds.
Monitoring continued, within the possibilities, for the detection of the large soybean weevil (Sternechus pinguis) and the damage caused, the consequences of which would be seen in the most advanced stages of the crop. The presence of the military caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda) was also taken into account.
The following phenological states were observed: V “vegetative states”, VE (emergence), Vc (cotyledon state, glued unifoliate leaves), V1 (1st node), V2 (2nd node), V3 (3rd node), V4 ( 4th knot), V5 (5th knot), V6 (6th knot) and lots more
advanced, in V7 (7th knot).
MONDAY LATE MAY
The process of emergence or germination and subsequent growth was detected without inconvenience and in good health. As the days went by, the different climatic events that took place favored the development and advancement of phenological states, presenting optimal, good – very good to excellent states, expressing all their genetic potential.
The cornfields did not show sanitary problems due to pests or diseases.
The following phenological stages were observed: V “vegetative stages”, Ve (emergence), V1 (1st developed leaf), V2 (2nd developed leaf), V3 (3rd developed leaf), V4 (4th developed leaf) and more advanced batches , V5 (5th sheet
developed).
GRANIFERO SORGHUM
The graniferous sorghum cultivars, in a high percentage, close to 90%, did not present any drawbacks in their development and their sanitary status has been good, up to now.
Characterized by its rusticity in the face of adverse conditions and its ability to react, in the 2020/2021 campaign it was no exception and rapid improvements were detected in the different sorgrets of the SEA area.
The following phenological stages were observed: stage 2 (5th leaf fully extended), stage 3 (meristem differentiation) stage 4 (visible flag leaf), stage 5 (stuffed panicle) and in more advanced batches, stage 6 (50% from
flowering).
Information from the Center for Agricultural Estimates of the Center-North of the Province of Santa Fe, in which the Catholic University of Santa Fe, the Santa Fe Stock Exchange participate; and the Ministry of Production of the Province of Santa Fe.
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