Abstract: |
Monocytic cells and macrophages are targets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). On the one hand, it has been proposed that blood monocytes are essential in the intestinal immune response. On the other hand, circulating monocytic cells reconstitute and repopulate the intestinal tract, which is the primary target of HIV-1 and SIV. Therefore, intestinal monocytic cells could contribute to the viral dissemination but also represent a viral reservoir under antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this context, we discussed the contribution of intestinal monocytes in the maintenance of viral reservoirs (VRs) in rhesus macaque (RM) infected with SIVmac251. Our results show that early ART effectively controls the viral infection of monocytic cells, both in the blood and in the intestine. Along with viral rebound after treatment interruption, we have observed early infection of monocytes, which not only display viral DNA, but also viral RNA. These results indicate that subsets of monocyte cells cannot be considered as major VRs under ART, but may contribute to viral production and viral dissemination once treatment is interrupted. |
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