World experts have found a previously unidentified gene in SARS-CoV-2, which could provoke the nature of the pandemic and the global scale of coronavirus infection. A scientific work posted in the eLife edition is described in more concise content at Phys.org.
New gene
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According to scientists, the aforementioned gene was overlapped by others, for example, ORF3d. It is also present in the previously established pangolin coronavirus. In addition, ORF3d can provoke a powerful antibody response in patients with coronavirus. This means that it blocks a protein that the body produces at the moment when an infection enters it.
The new gene cannot be found for immune T cells, and doctors believe this is what makes COVID so potent and spreading rapidly.
Protein synthesis
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In the RNA genome of COVID, there are about fifteen genes – regions of RNA, in the code of which is the amino acid sequence of a protein. Any amino acid is composed of an individual combination of 3 elements. They are called nucleotides or triplets. A combination of triplets, which can in turn encode a protein, is an open reading frame (ORF).
However, it can happen that 1 or 2 elements are displaced and create a different reading frame in the gene, which, in turn, provokes a different sequence of amino acid compounds. ORFs that overlap one another are not common, however, because of them, the number of proteins that viruses synthesize increases.
Author: Anna Mitrofanova
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