The lungs have an important role in the body, which functions to regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide. When you breathe, the inhaled oxygen will enter the lungs. While the carbon dioxide in the blood will be released when you exhale into the air.
If there is interference with the lungs, this will affect the process of air exchange. Actually, there are many diseases that can cause lung disorders.
Usually lung disease is also characterized by shortness of breath, shortness of breath, or a persistent cough.
8 Types of Lung Disease
Quoted from the American Lung Association, Wednesday (8/6/2022), here are 8 types of lung disease to watch out for.
1. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by germs, bacteria, viruses, or fungi that attack the air sacs of the lungs. This type of lung disease has symptoms that vary from mild to severe, such as a persistent cough.
This disease can be spread through coughing, sneezing, air, even those who do not show symptoms of pneumonia. Most people recover from pneumonia in one to three weeks. Also, this disease can be prevented with the annual flu vaccine.
2. Bronchitis
One of the lung disorders that causes the airways in the lungs (bronchi) to become inflamed is bronchitis. This disease can cause a severe cough accompanied by mucus, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Bronchitis is usually caused by a virus or by inhaling something that can irritate the lungs, such as cigarette smoke, dust, and air pollution.
3. Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is included in the term COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The cause of this disease is smoking. However, some conditions such as air pollution to toxic gases can also trigger chronic bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis is usually experienced by patients who have had bronchitis or have a family history of bronchitis. The symptoms are characterized by a cough that secretes mucus for more than three months.
In addition, acute bronchitis generally cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be controlled with medical treatment.
4. Asma
Asthma is a chronic lung disorder that cannot be cured. This disease causes the airways to narrow, making it harder for air to enter and exit, making it difficult for the sufferer to breathe.
Although asthma cannot be completely cured, this condition can still be controlled with medical treatment and avoiding asthma triggers.
5. Bronchiolitis
The next lung disease is bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis is usually caused by a viral infection and generally occurs in children. Symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually similar to the common cold, including a runny nose, fever, stuffy nose, cough, and loss of appetite. Symptoms may worsen after a few days. This disease can be cured with medical treatment in a hospital.
6. COPD
COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a long-term lung disease that makes it difficult for patients to breathe. According to the American Lung Association, these diseases include chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
It is the third leading cause of death by disease in the United States. In fact, more than 16.4 million people have been diagnosed with COPD. There are many causes of COPD, one of which is smoking.
7. Tuberculosis (TB)
TB is one of the most common lung disorders. This disease is caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which attacks the lungs. TB is spread through the air and saliva.
However, transmission of TB can also occur due to close contact and interaction with people with TB. In addition, the TB virus can spread to various organs such as bones and lymph nodes.
8. Pulmonary embolism
The last lung disorder is pulmonary embolism, which is a condition in which one of the pulmonary arteries is blocked by a blood clot in the blood vessels that flow from the legs to the lungs.
Pulmonary embolism can cause coughing up blood, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Usually this disease is suffered by the elderly aged 70 years and over and people who are obese.
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