Lung cancer… a popular disease that is common in both men and women. It is caused by various behaviors that continue to harm your health. Both consciously and unconsciously, such as smoking or being exposed to environmental pollution. Caused by abnormally rapid growth of lung epithelial tissue cells until it is able to control and eventually form a malignant tumor. This cancer can spread and spread to other organs, most of which will show no symptoms in the early stages. Before the patient knows it, they are usually in a severe stage of the disease.
Dr Manthana Sundusadee, Pulmonologist and Specialist in Pulmonary Critical Care and Critical Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Center Praram 9 Hospital said, “Lung cancer is divided into two main types, depending on the type of cells. The cancer Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer.There are different cell types, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, which are treated slightly differently, and small cell lung cancer, a type less common than lung cancer.But it is a type that responds well to chemotherapy and radiation and can be diagnosed by doing a biopsy for pathological examination.Each type of lung cancer has a different treatment and prognosis.
At present, although it is still not able to clearly tell the cause of lung cancer. But there are factors that increase your risk of lung cancer, including:
1. Smoking, both those who smoke themselves and quit people who have been exposed to cigarette smoke also known as “Secondhand Smoke” Smoking is the main factor 80-90% because cigarettes are full of carcinogens. When smoke is inhaled, these substances directly destroy lung tissue, causing cell damage. and finally cancer A person who smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for 20 years has an eight to twenty times greater risk of developing lung cancer.
2. Toxins and pollution in the environment such as
- Asbestos (asbestos) or asbestos used in the construction industry. (flat roof tiles, ceilings), cement pipe manufacturing industry Vinyl floor tiles, brake pads, heat insulation and textile industry Asbestos can cause lung cancer. People who work in factories that use asbestos are seven times more likely to develop lung cancer than normal people.
- Radon is a radioactive gas produced by the decay of radium or uranium. It is found in buildings or structures that often contain radium-containing earth, rocks, or sand.
- PM 5 dust or tiny dust with a molecular size of only 2.5 microns that cannot be seen with the naked eye, PM 2.5 dust increases the risk of lung cancer by up to 1 – 1.4 times. When the PM 2.5 dust in the lungs will cause inflammation and there is a mutation of the genetic material that can cause lung cancer
- Other chemicals such as arsenic, coal, which patients often get from occupations related to industrial plants. or toxins from pollution that come from vehicle exhaust pipes
3. Age Getting older. The organs and cells of the body will function even more as they deteriorate. People most at risk of developing lung cancer are those aged 55 and over, especially those who smoke.
4. Heredity If there is a family history of lung cancer you will have an increased risk of lung cancer
Dr Manthana continued: “Most lung cancers often show no symptoms in their early stages. But there are signs that indicate disease progression as the cancer grows larger. And the symptoms will vary depending on the location of the lump.
The 6 warning signs of the symptoms encountered are:
- Chronic cough (up to 50-75%), as well as cough with bloody sputum. or coughing up fresh blood (25-50%)
- Fatigue, difficulty breathing (seen in 25%)
- Chest pain (common in 20%)
- Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss
- abnormally noisy breathing
- hoarse voice
diagnosis of lung cancer The diagnosis must be confirmed by biopsy. where a biopsy may occur. Doctors first need to detect abnormal nodules in the lungs. that when examined from the beginning Treatment of lung cancer in the early stages with surgery can be completely cured.
The recommended screening test is a low-dose CT lung scan, which uses a low dose of radiation. and uses a 3D imaging technique that has a much higher resolution than regular X-rays allows various abnormalities within the lungs to be detected early on from the U.S. This method is recommended. It is the standard for lung cancer screening. This will benefit most in patients at risk who are over 55 years of age, have a smoking history of more than 30 pack years (pack years = number of cigarettes smoked in 1 day x number of years of smoking) and have not stopped smoking . More than 15 years, even without abnormal symptoms If you have symptoms or your doctor suspects lung cancer Your doctor may consider additional tests, including a computed tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy and biopsy to detect the type of cancer. It is usually a fairly large lump. or already widespread. Makes surgical cure impossible.
For treatment will depend on type of cancer stage of cancer and strength of the patient Current treatment options are much more modern. do both surgeries use of chemotherapy drugs (chemotherapy) light therapy Radiation therapy and targeted therapy will be decided by the doctor with the patient and family. choose the right treatment for each patient.”
However The main factors that increase the risk of lung cancer are smoking and the current increase in toxins and pollution, therefore the best prevention of lung cancer is to abstain from smoking, e-cigarettes or avoid exposure to secondhand smoke And another important thing is Regular annual lung health screening and low-dose CT lung scan in people at risk of lung cancer. It allows to detect and treat cancer at an early stage. This reduces the death rate and gives patients a chance to recover from lung cancer.
“Lung cancer can be cured. If detected at an early stage, screening is therefore very important,” concluded Dr. Manthana.
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