5 deadly bacteria that scare scientists, this is how deadly the effect is

Jakarta –

The emergence of antibiotics has had a huge impact on the world of health. Diseases that were previously considered deadly and dangerous can now be easily treated.

However, bacteria also reproduce quickly and create new gene sequences that are resistant to drugs, especially when antibiotics are used continuously or excessively.

Quoted from Livescience, the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials have claimed about 1.27 million people worldwide in 2019. These bacteria cause many diseases, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

The following are the most feared super bacterial diseases in the world.

1. Enterobacteriales

Enterobacteriales are an order of bacteria commonly found in the gut. One of the most famous is Escherichia coli (E. coli). There are also several other bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacteria that causes pneumonia that is often found in hospitals.

There are two types of Enterobacteriales on the WHO emergency list, namely bacteria resistant to cephalosporins and bacteria resistant to carbapenems.

The most worrisome types are Enterobacteriales that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, which are antimicrobials that were previously the best choice for treating bacteria with enhanced resistance. The inability of third-generation cephalosporins to treat Enterobacteriales infections also eliminates the tool for treating brain infections caused by these bacteria, as antibiotics can cross the blood-blood barrier. brain

2. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). Active TB can be cured with six months of treatment using four antimicrobial drugs.

However, some types of tuberculosis resist this treatment. In particular, TB that is resistant to rifampicin. Treatment for rifampicin-resistant TB tends to be more complicated and take longer than for non-drug-resistant TB.

Due to the high burden of TB infections that are resistant to rifampicin, WHO considers this microbe to be an urgent problem, calling for new antibiotics to fight it.

3. Salmonella Enterica Typhi

Salmonella enterica Typhi is the bacteria that causes typhoid fever, a severe intestinal infection that causes diarrhea, stomach ache, fever and headache. This disease is a major concern in several regions of Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and parts of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific where sanitation and access to medical care are poor.

Typhoid fever is easily treated using the antibiotics chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. However, in the 1970s, strains appeared that were resistant to different drugs. In response, doctors turned to fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Unfortunately, in recent decades cases of typhoid fever that are resistant to Fluoroquinolone have appeared. In some areas, typhus can only be treated with the oral antibiotic azithromycin. However, there are concerns that bacteria may develop resistance to the drug.

4. Non-typhoidal Salmonella

Not all types of Salmonella cause typhus. Some strains of Salmonella cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea. This is a type of Salmonella that is sometimes obtained from undercooked or contaminated food.

Usually, the infection caused by Salmonella infection will heal on its own. But recently, doctors discovered bacteria that were resistant to fluoroquinolones, the first-line antimicrobials used to treat these infections.

Instead, doctors turned to using the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Although resistance to ceftriaxone is rare, the CDC reports that it is growing in some regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa.

5. Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can live on human skin. Generally, these bacteria are not harmful. But if this bacteria gets out of control, the infection can cause pus-filled wounds, and even trigger life-threatening sepsis.

Staphylococcus aureus is usually treated with the antibiotic methicillin. However, there are strains that are resistant to this drug. Variants of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to methicillin are called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

In 2019, MRSA became the world’s deadliest single immune pathogen. In that year alone, MRSA caused more than 100,000 deaths.

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